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استاذة بكلية الخفجي
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رد: ...(صفحة المساعدات)..
هــــــــــذا نثــــــــر الرحله الثالثه والرابعه والسيمبل والثيم,,,,
Quotations:
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page 153
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*((They made signs for me to come down from the rock,and go towards the shore,which I accordingly did;and the flying island))
- The flying island is an allegory. It indicates the separation between the government and it's people. The government keeps itself far from its subject.
Swift symbolizes flying island for air land because it depraves England from its wealth.
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*((Flapped the mouths and ears of those who stood near them))
- Laputians are absent minded.There are aroused from thinking by being flapped.There are non human.They act like motion.
(adjective from laputians)
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page 160
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*((And passionately disputing every inch of a party opinion.I have indeed observed the same disposition among most of the mathematicians I have known in Europe))
- Laputians spend their time in studying but they never celebrate.
Swift wants here to criticize the European mathematicians who don't celebrate, and spend there
life in studying.
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*De************************ion about laputians:
1):They are advance in mathematics, istronema, istrolege and music.
2):Their king is represent evil and there is aspiration between the citizen and their king.
3):Lputians are absent minded there are aroused from thinking by being flapped.There are no human they act like machine.
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*De************************ion Gulliver in laputa:
- Gulliver's feels as neglected person because he has nothing to do there so he become poor like their daughter and women.
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page 167:
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*((They have likewise discovered two lesser stars,or satellites,which revolve about mars,)).
- Swift speaks about the discover of satellites which is discover after one and half century from swift time. This is astonishing fact about swift when he mentions it before it is discovered.
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page 172:
*((I never knew a soil so unhappily cultivated,houses so ill contrived and so ruinous,or a people whose countenances and habit expressed so much misery and want)).
- De************************ion of Balnibarbi:
He find the inhabitants poor and live in cheap house.The soil is badly cultivated and the people are miserable and the ones who make experiment in the academy are normal men not scientists.
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page 177:
*((He had been eight years upon a project for extracting sun-beams out of cucumbers,))
_In the academy Gulliver found a project about extracting sun-shines from cucumbers.
Swift criticizes scientists in his time undirectly when they waste their time trying to make experiment that carry no benefit for human.
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page 194:
v.imp(Information):
" Glubbubdrib are Magician".
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- Gulliver calls great men from ancient history and none of them belong to his time.
- Here swift makes comparison which chrent modern man by saying this great men are greater and better than the men today because he calls great men who don't belong to his time, so he criticises again men's pride.
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page 200:
*((I knew the Dutch were the only Europeans permitted to enter into that kingdom)).
- In Japan Gulliver present him self as Dutchman at sometime in17 century the Europeans contract with Japan had to be throw Dutch. These touch of reality gives some of verisimilitude.
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Note:
page 203:
- The luggnaggians tell Gulliver about Immortals people who are called struldbruge who born with arid spot on therefore heads.
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page 204:
*((One day in much good company I was asked by a person of quality, whether I had seen any of their Struldbrugs, or Immortals. I had not, and desired he would explain)).
- When Swift mention the story of struldugs, immortals people, he wants to criticize the humans pride by remanding them that their life will come to on end even the struldbrugs birds. Although they are Immortal but their physical abilities are limited.
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page 227:
*((however, this confirmed my first opinion, that a people who could so far civilize brute animals,must needs excel in wisdom all the nations of the world".
- Swift makes Gulliver and the reader uncertain about the situation for the sign of intelligent of the horses, so he expects people of extra ordinary abilities to rule the country. But he finds the governor is a horse like them. Here Swift uses one of his technique which making the reader believes in something and here he surprises them with another thing.
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page 228:
Note:
*Houyhnhnm are horses with rational things.
*Yahoose are strange creature look like human beings but have the characteristic of animals.
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page 238:
- After, being to large in the first voyages, and to small in the second voyages, and to practical in the third one. But, Gulliver finds himself not rational and not moral in his fourth voyage, because he represents
the human beings that have many vices such as, lying, envy, malic, and greednees, robbery, treason, and crime. While the horses society denies these vicas which makes them rational and moral when they are compared with human beings. Here Swift wants to show us the beginning of Gulliver transportation.
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page 244:
*((After which, like one whose imagination was struck with something never seen or heard of before, he would lift up his eyes with amazement and indignation)).
- This is the reaction of the master of Gulliver when Gulliver tells him. about the nature of human beings. This situation1 is described by criticizes the key point of the Holly book because the activities the main carry are contrary to Reasonable creature who will not carry one mans usually conduct.
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page 281:
*((That the first of these expedients was utterly rejected by all the Houyhnhnms)).
- The symbollize of the H . life a ttract Gulliver but he is forest to returen to his world because they consider him as a kind of yahoose with a rational thinking who can make rebellion against them and destroy them.
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page 284:
- Gulliver buys two horses to remamber the country H . Gulliver her segnificat desire to live among the animal and return to nature is a toal which is used by swifit to satires the human civilization and people who would look to animals as a symbol of how to live.
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page 298:
*de************************ion of Houyhnhnums:
1):The horses are ruled by reason they have no word for lying in their language and they look at it as something against their nature. And they don't why people kill, rope,----- ets.
2): They don't except or understanding any thing that is out side their society but they are intelligent and never envy, anger and lust, so they reviews very human vices.
3):They have reason but they don't have feeling.
* the difference between that last voyage and third precied voyages:
1):The members of the society around him are animal not human.
2):Unlike the others voyage he is interested to stay among them.
3):Gulliver in the first three voyages is a stranger who a valuate the society whereas in the last voyage he is a member of the society and he pleases a rule in it.
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Symbols:
1):The Lilliputians symbolize humankind’s wildly excessive pride in its own puny existence. Swift wants to see man is lillipution but his pride bleed him in other words his pride doesn't let him see this fact.
e.g: when they accuse him by treason is a symbol of extra pompous.
2):The Brobdingnagians symbolize the private, personal, and physical side of humans when examined up close and in great detail.
e.g: when Gulliver in his shrunken state is forced to be great attention to this great detail such as, the pores of the body and the flies.
3):The Laputans represent the folly of theoretical knowledge that has no relation to human life and no use in the actual world.
e.g: there first experiment in extracting the sunshine from cucumbers.
4):The Houyhnhnms represent an ideal of rational existence, a life governed by sense and moderation of which philosophers since Plato have long dreamed.
e.g: they have no need to lie nor any word for lying also they don't use force but only strong warning or exhortation.
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Tone:
Gulliver tone is gullible and naiva boring the first three voyages in the fourth it terms cynical and bitter the intonation the author is critical and byintng throw out.
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Climax:
Gulliver rejects human society in the fourth voyage specially when he shuns the generous purtlus cap a fulger yahoose.
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Major conflict:
on the surface Gulliver strive to unberstang the various society with which he comes in to contact and to have this under understand him native England below the surface swift is in judge in a conflict with the English society he is satirizing.
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Themes:
Might versus Right
1):Gulliver’s Travels implicitly poses the question of whether physical power or moral righteousness should be the governing factor in social life. Gulliver experiences the advantages of physical mightand as one who does not have it.
- Brobdingnagnag, He also observes physical force used against others, as with the Houyhnhnms’ chaining up of the Yahoos.
2):there are also many cliams to power based on moral correctness.
**for examole:
the use of physical force against the Yahoos is justified for the Houyhnhnms by their sense of moral superiority.
- But overall, the novel tends to show that claims to rule on the basis of moral righteousness are often just as arbitrary as, simple physical subjugation.
and as hard to justify as the random use of physical force to dominate others.
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The Individual Versus Society:
- Like many narratives about voyages to nonexistent lands, Gulliver’s Travels explores the idea of utopia—an imaginary model of the ideal community.
- The Houyhnhnms that are practice strict family planning,
- the Houyhnhnms’ indistinct personalities and about how they are the only social group that Gulliver encounters who do not have proper names.
- they are in a sense the exact opposite of Gulliver, who has hardly any sense of belonging to his native society and exists only as an individual eternally wandering the seas.
- Gulliver’s Travels could in fact be described as one of the first novels of modern alienation, focusing on an individual’s repeated failures to integrate into societies to which he does not belong.
- Thus, if Swift’s satire mocks the excesses of communal life, it may also mock the excesses of individualism in its portrait of a miserable and lonely Gulliver talking to his horses at home in England.
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The limits of Human Understanding:
1):The idea that humans are not meant to know everything and that all understanding has a natural limit is important in Gulliver’s Travels. Swift singles out theoretical knowledge in particular for attack.
2): Practical knowledge is also satirized when it does not produce results, as in the academy of Balnibarbi.
3): Thus his depictions of rational societies, like Brobdingnag and Houyhnhnmland, emphasize not these people’s knowledge or understanding of abstract ideas but their ability to live their lives in a wise and steady way.
4):Swift also emphasizes the importance of self-understanding. Gulliver is initially remarkably lacking in self-reflection and self-awareness.
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* By the end, he has come close to a kind of twisted self-knowledge in his deranged belief that he is a Yahoo. His revulsion with the human condition, shown in his shabby treatment of the generous Don Pedro, extends to himself as well, so that he ends the novel in a thinly disguised state of self-hatred. Swift may thus be saying that self-knowledge has its necessary limits just as theoretical knowledge does, and that if we look too closely at ourselves we might not be able to carry on living happily.
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