2010- 9- 19
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#9
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أكـاديـمـي ذهـبـي
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رد: رحلة عمر بلييز تفضلي
History pf literature (4) **
A comparison between 18th century Poets and Early 19th century- Romantic Poets.
You have to understand the change- the twist. What is the meaning of Romanticism?
Romantic Age does not mean the idea of romance- love.
Romantic poets are more interested in going back to nature. In romantic poetry, we find many referencesإشارات to some one called - Sir Lancelot – he has been one of the knights of King Arthur's knights. We find also many references to King Arthur- a figure of medieval literature. We have many medieval literary works about King Arthur. In the Romantic Age, poets were influenced by medieval literatureأدب العصور الوسطى.Romantic poets are, more interested in imaginative خيالىactivities.They dealt with imaginative stories.With the Romantics, we do not have reason. We have more of emotions and imagination. 18th century writers were against emotions and imagination. These were the two causes of the civil war. They are back to the heart- not to the head. They loved nature, imagination. We find stories like the fairy tales- imaginative stories.
Romance: is a free imaginative idealizing مثالىfiction. It is fancy- not real. It idealizes things- deals with things as being perfect. It is not about the love between man and woman.
It originally refers to medieval talesحكايات. It refers to knightly adventuresمغامرات الفرسان - adventures of King Arthur and his knights. It is written in the roman elevated راقيةlanguage. Later on they were translated ترجمinto French. Romantic poets read about these tales in French. They based their stories on the French origin of stories.
Chief characteristics of the romantic Age:
We have a comparison between the Romantics and 18th century poets- between Wordsworth's generation and Dryden's generationجيل.
Romantics are now following imagination and emotions. They refused to follow reason.
18th century poets favored reason and judgment.
Romantic writers were concerned withمهتم ب the particular.
18th century writers were concerned about the general experience.
Romantic writers stressed the value of the individual human beingالفرد= the personal" I". they preferred the singular item rather than the plural items.
18th century writers stressed the value of society- "we"
Romantic writers called for freedom, all kinds of freedom.
18th century writers wanted law, authorityالسلطة, and reason to govern them. They did not want to be free. They wanted to follow rules. Once they were free, they foughtحارب in the civil war.
Romantic writers were interested in the medieval subjects- king Arthur.
18th century writers took their stories from the classical Greek and Roman writers.
Romantic poets spoke about England-medieval England
18th century writers were more about outside England.
v Historical back ground:
1. The Revolt of the English colonies in America.
We have many events that took place in the Romantic period.
America had been a colony to England. During the Romantic Age, Americans sufferedعانى from the political and economicalاقتصادي authority السلطةof England. They started to revoltيثور. They wanted to get their own independenceالاستقلال.
2. The French Revolution
It happened during the Romantic Age. It started peacefullyبسلام. There were French philosophical ideas of some French philosophers who called for freedom and equalityالمساواة. It changed into a bloody دموىrevolutionثورة. It was no longer that philosophical revolution. They lost all of their principlesمبادئ.
3. The Industrial Revolution:
During the Romantic Age, they invented the engineالمحرك. They started to establish اقامواfactoriesالمصانع. They were not run by human hands, but by engines. England became an industrial country. People desertedهجر villages and settled in cities to work in factories.
The invention اختراعof the engine changed the fate of the country. Some workers lost their jobs because they did not know how to use engines.
4. Colonial Expansionتوسع استعماري= Imperialism.
England enlarged توسعthe number of its coloniesمستعمرات to other far lands. It was almost half of the world.
It was in the 19th century that England started colonial expansion. They used to steal the worth of the occupied countriesالبلاد المحتلة.
England was the master. It was on control of most of the world countries. It controlled commerceالاقتصاد- التجارة- trade of the world.
The early 19th century is the Romantic Age-
The late 19th century is the Victorian Age- named after Queen Victoria.
ý 19th century poets are divided into:
· The Romantics- early 19th century- the first half of the 19th century
· The Victorians- late 19th century- 2nd half of the 19th century.
ý The Romantic poets are divided into two:
· The first generation of the Romantic poets- Wordsworth and Coleridge- they wrote a book that started the Romantic period- the "Lyrical Ballads" it initiated بدأthe Romantic Period.
· The second generation of the Romantic poets- Keats and Shelly- they were influenced by Wordsworth and Coleridge.
What are the principles of writing poetry for the Romantics?
They supposed that the language of poetry should be the simple everyday language- language of farmers- ordinary language. They refused using heroic couplets- sophisticated معقدlanguage. They used natural language.
The romantic were inspired by nature. It was like a mother- they considered nature as a source of happiness. It teaches moral lessons to human being.
Book page 91
Who are the early 19th century poets?
Chapter 9- page 91
· William Wordsworth
· Coleridge
· Keats
· Shelly
Chapter 10- Later 19th century poets- Victorian Poets:
ý Victorian Age:
It started in 1832- 1900
It is also called later 19th century period.
Queen Victoria became the Queen in 1837. She died 1901. Why it is called Victorian Age. It started when Queen Victoria succeeded the throne and became the queen of England.
During that Period England became a great nation because of the colonial expansion. It became the world wealthiest اغنىnation= richest nation. Great industrial changed happened to the country.
Some people were afraid that the English people were losing their traditional تقاليدvalue. They had opposite mixed feelings about the traditions and worldly power.
Some celebrated the industrial development of England. The others were less confident, less sure about England problems. They were losing their traditional valuesقيم. There was a conflict among people.
In this period we have famous writers like Dickens and Thackeray. They wrote great deal of novels. They were called preciousقيم leaders. They covered all political, religious, historical and social issues
The writers of this period, each writer had his own different opinions. We have variety تنوعof views.
It is a difficult and complicated period.
We can divide the Victorian Age into three periods:
· Early phase
· Middle Phase
· Late Phase
Finished
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