Books helped to spread awareness of a new philosophy that emerged when Renaissance scholars known??
as humanists

during the Middle Ages, scholars had been guided by ??
1-the teachings of the church
2- and people had concerned themselves with actions leading to heavenly rewards.

The writings of ancient, Greece and Rome, called the "classics," had been greatly ignored. To study the classics, humanists learned to read Greek and ancient Latin, and they??
**sought out manuscripts that had lain undisturbed for nearly 2,000 years.


The humanists rediscovered writings ??
on scientific matters, government, rhetoric, philosophy, and art

. humanists they were influenced ??
by the knowledge of these ancient civilizations and by the emphasis placed on man, his intellect, and his life on Earth.


The new interest in secular life led to beliefs about
education and society that came from Greece and Rome

. The secular, humanist idea held that the church should
not rule civic matters, but should guide only spiritual matters


. Humanists, , believed that
wealth enabled them to do fine, noble deeds,
that good citizens needed a good, well-rounded education
and that moral and ethical issues were related more to secular society than to spiritual concerns.


The rebirth of classical studies contributed to the ?
development of all forms of art during the Renaissance

.
was probably the first to show signs of classical influence??.
. Literature

The Italian poet Petrarch delighted in studying the works
of Cicero and Virgil,

is most renowned for his poetry in Italian??
Petrarch


The defining concept of the Renaissance was??
Humanism

a literary movement that began in Italy during the fourteenth century.
Humanism

was a distinct movement because it broke from the medieval tradition
Humanism

Humanist writers were concerned with ????
worldly or secular subjects rather than strictly religious themes

, ؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟Renaissance people were concerned with
money and the enjoyment of life and all its worldly pleasures

. Humanist writers glorified??

1- the individual
2- and believed that man was the measure of all things and had unlimited potential.


Humanist writers sought to understand human nature through a study of classical writers such as?
Plato and Aristotle.

They believed that the classical writers of Ancient Greece and Rome could teach important ideas
about life, love, and beauty.


The revival of interest in the classical models of Greece and Rome was centered???
primarily among the educated people of the Italian city-states and focused on literature and writing.

During the Middle Ages in Western Europe, the language of the Church and the educated people???.
Is Latin

The Humanist writers began to use _______________, the national languages of a country, in addition to Latin.
the vernacular



one of Some important Italian Humanists who lived in Florence and who expressed in his writings the belief that there were no limits to what man could accomplish????
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.
:


one of Some important Italian Humanists was the Father of Humanism, a Florentine who spent his youth in Tuscany and lived in Milan and Venice. He was a collector of old manuscripts and through his efforts the speeches of Cicero and the poems of Homer and Virgil became known to Western Europe. he works also led to the rise of people known as Civic Humanists, or those individuals who were civic-minded and looked to the governments of the ancient worlds for inspiration. he also wrote sonnets in Italian. Many of these sonnets expressed his love for the beautiful Laura. His sonnets greatly influenced other writers of the time.???????
Francesco Petrarca







one of Some important Italian Humanists who wrote a biography of Cicero, encouraged people to become active in the political as well as the cultural life of their cities. He was a historian who today is most famous for The History of the Florentine Peoples, a 12-volume work. He was also the Chancellor of Florence from 1427 until 1444???????.
Leonardo Bruni


one of Some important Italian Humanists wrote The Decameron. These hundred short stories were related by a group of young men and women who fled to a villa outside Florence to escape the Black Death. he work is considered to be the best prose of the Renaissance.???
Giovanni Boccaccio

one of Some important Italian Humanists wrote one of the most widely read books, The Courtier, which set forth the criteria on how to be the ideal Renaissance man. He's ideal courtier was a well-educated, mannered aristocrat who was a master in many fields from poetry to music to sports???
Baldassare Castiglione

The advent of humanism ???
ended the church dominance of written history.

Humanist writers secularized the view of history by writing from???
a non-religious viewpoint.


The Humanists also had a great effect??
on education

. They believed that education???
stimulated the creative powers of the individual.


Humanists supported ???
studying grammar, poetry, and history, as well as mathematics, astronomy, and music



. Humanists promoted the concept??
of the well-rounded
, or Renaissance man, who was proficient (well skilled) in both intellectual and physical endeavors

concept that has changed since the sixteenth century. Its original meaning was the belief in the validity of the human spirit that coincided with piety for God?
Humanism

The sonnets and poems of Surrey, Sidney, Spenser, and Wyatt consider love as????
a consuming passion