4. The alveolar ridge
بين الأسنان الأمامية العليا والحنك الصلب.
( انظر الصوره )
between the top front teeth and the hard palate.
- surface is covered with little ridges.
- sounds made by the tongue touching this area
such as /t/ and /d/ are called alveolar.
5. The tongue
اللسان
- a very important articulator.
- Can be moved into many different places
and different shapes.
6. The teeth
الاسنان
- consist of upper and lower teeth
- Sounds made with the tongue touching the
front teeth such as /t/ and /d/ are called dental.
7. The lips
الشفاه
can be
- pressed together to produce bilabial sounds,
such as /p/ and /b/
- brought into contact with teeth to produce
labiodental sounds such as /f/ and /v/
- can be rounded to produce lip-shape for vowels
like /u:/