6. Palatal (/y/):
Palatal: The roof of the mouth (the palate) rises sharply from the back of the alveolar ridge.. The palatal sound [y] of yak is made by placing the front of the tongue up close to the palate.
produced with tongue close to hard palate
“extreme” production of /iy/
Ex. Yard, you, university, student
Note: Unimportant is common with the first two letters of (University), however, they sound differently.
7. Velar (/k/, /g/, /ng/):
Velar: The velum or soft palate is a movable muscular flap at the very back of the roof of the mouth. The sounds [k] (cuckoo), [g] (goose), and [N] (kingfisher) are made by pressing the back of the tongue up against the velum.
produced with constriction against velum (soft palate); the back of the tongue touches the velum (the soft palate)
only plosives /k/ and /g/, and nasal /ng/
Ex. /k/ car, cat, kind, key
/g/ gas, goal, gear
/ng/ playing, driving