2011- 12- 22
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#9
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أكـاديـمـي فـعّـال
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رد: progressive -perfect -
TenseSignal wordsUseFormExamples
affirmativeExamples
negativeExamples
interrogativeSimple
Present
or
Present Simpleevery day
sometimes
always
often
usually
seldom
never
first ... thensomething happens repeatedly
how often something happens
one action follows another
things in general
after the following verbs (to love, to hate, to think, etc.)
future meaning: timetables, programmesinfinitive he/she/it + -sI work.
I don't work.
Do I work?He works.He doesn't work.Does he work?I go.I don't go.Do I go?He goes.He doesn't go.Does he go?Present
Progressive or
Present Continuousnow
at the moment
Look!
Listen!something is happening at the same time of speaking or around it
future meaning: when you have already decided and arranged to do it (a fixed plan, date)to be (am/are/is) + infinitive + -ingI'm working.
I'm not working.
Am I working?He's working.He isn't working.Is he working? I'm going.I'm not going.Am I going?He's going.He isn't going.Is he going?Simple
Past
or
Past
Simplelast ...
... ago
in 1990
yesterdayaction took place in the past, mostly connected with an expression of time (no connection to the present)regular:
infinitive + -ed irregular:
2nd column of table of irregular verbs I worked.
I didn't work.
Did I work?He worked.
He didn't work.Did he work? I went.I didn't go.Did I go? He went.He didn't go.Did he go?Past
Progressive or
Past Continuouswhilean action happened in the middle of another action
someone was doing sth. at a certain time (in the past) - you do not know whether it was finished or notwas/were + infinitive + -ingI was working.
I wasn't working.
Was I working?He was working.He wasn't working.Was he working? I was going.I wasn't going.Was I going? He was going.He wasn't going.Was he going?Simple
Present
Perfect
or
Present
Perfectjust
yet
never
ever
already
so far,
up to now,
since
for
recentlyyou say that sth. has happened or is finished in the past and it has a connection to the present
action started in the past and continues up to the presenthave/has + past participle*
*(infinitive + -ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)I have worked.
I haven't worked.
Have I worked?He has worked.He hasn't worked.Has he worked? I have gone.I haven't gone.Have I gone? He has gone.He hasn't gone.Has he gone?Present Perfect
Progressive or
Present
Perfect
Continuousall day
the whole day
how long
since
foraction began in the past and has just stopped
how long the action has been happening
emphasis: length of time of an actionhave/has + been + infinitive + -ingI have been working.
I haven't been working.
Have I been working?He has been working.
He hasn't been working.Has he been working?I have been going.I haven't been going.Have I been going?He has been going.He hasn't been going.Has he been going?Simple
Past
Perfect
or
Past
Perfect
(Simple)already
just
nevermostly when two actions in a story are related to each other: the action which had already happened is put into Past Perfect, the other action into Simple Past
the past of the Present Perfecthad + past participle*
*(infinitive + -ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs) I had worked.
I hadn't worked.
Had I worked?He had worked.He hadn't worked.Had he worked?I had gone.I hadn't gone.Had I gone?He had gone.He hadn't gone.Had he gone?Past Perfect Progressive or
Past Perfect Continuoushow long
since
for
how long something had been happening before something else happenedhad + been + infinitive + ingI had been working.
I hadn't been working.
Had I been working?He had been working.He hadn't been working.Had he been working?I had been going.I hadn't been going.Had I been going?He had been going.He hadn't been going.Had he been going?will - future predictions about the future (you think that sth. will happen)
you decide to do sth. spontaneously at the time of speaking, you haven't made a decision before
main clause in type I of the if clauseswill + infinitiveI'll work.
I won't work.
Will I work?He'll work.He won't work.Will he work?I'll go.I won't go.Will I go?He'll go.He won't go.Will he go?going to - future when you have already decided to do sth. in the future
what you think what will happenbe (am/are/is) + going to + infinitiveI'm going to work.
I'm not going to work.
Am I going to work?He's going to work.
He's not going to work.Is he going to work?I'm going to go.I'm not going to go.Am I going to go?He's going to go.He's not going to go.Is he going to go?Future Progressive or
Future Continuous An action will be in progress at a certain time in the future. This action has begun before the certain time.
Something happens because it normally happens.will + be + infinitive + ingI'll be working.
I won't be working.
Will I be working?He'll be working.
He won't be working.
Will he be working?I'll be going.I won't be going.Will I be going?He'll be going.He won't be going.Will he be going?Simple
Future
Perfect
or
Future Perfect
Simple sth. will already have happened before a certain time in the futurewill + have + past participle*
*(infinitive + -ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)I'll have worked.
I won't have worked.
Will I have worked?He'll have worked.He won't have worked.
Will he have worked?I'll have gone.I won't have gone.Will I have gone?He'll have gone.He won't have gone.Will he have gone?Future
Perfect
Progressive or
Future
Perfect
Continuous sth. will already have happened before a certain time in the future
emphasis: length of time of an action will + have + been + infinitive + ingI'll have been working.
I won't have been working.
Will I have been working?He'll have been working.He won't have been working.Will he have been working?I'll have been going.I won't have been going.Will I have been working?He'll have been going.He won't have been going.Will he have been working?Conditional Simple sth. that might happen
main clause in type II of the Conditional sentenceswould + infinitiveI would work.
I wouldn't
work.
Would I
work?He would work.He wouldn't work.
Would he
work?I would go.I wouldn't go.Would I go?He would go.He wouldn't
go.Would he
go?Conditional Progressive
or
Conditional
Continuous sth. that might happen
emphasis: length of time of an action would + be + infinitive + ingI would be working.
I wouldn't be working.
Would I be working?He would be working.He wouldn't be working.Would he be working?I would be going.I wouldn't be going.Would I be going?He would be going.He wouldn't be going.Would he be going?Conditional Perfect sth. that might have happened in the past
(It's too late now.)
main clause in type III of the if clauseswould + have + past participle*
*(infinitive + -ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)I would have worked.
I wouldn't have worked.
Would I have worked?He would have worked.He wouldn't have worked.
Would he have worked?I would have gone.I wouldn't have gone.Would I have gone?He would have gone.He wouldn't have gone.Would I have gone?Conditional Perfect
Progressive
or
Conditional
Perfect
Continuous sth. that might have happened in the past
(It's too late now.)
emphasis: length of time of an action would + have + been + infinitive + ingI would have been working.
I wouldn't have been working.
Would I have been working?He would
have been going.He wouldn't have been going.Would he
have been working?I would have been going.I wouldn't have been going.Would I have been going?He would have been going.He wouldn't have been going.Would he
have been going?
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