تم الشرح مع المنهج
دعواتكم
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Lecture 5
Chapter 2 City Life
Part 2 Developing Cohesion and Clarity
Giving reasons with since:
الجملة الشرطية وتعبر لنا عن السبب
Because and since have almost the same meaning when since doesn’t refer to a point in time in the past.
لأنه ومنذ لديها تقريبا نفس المعنى عندما منذ لا يشير إلى نقطة في الوقت في الماضي.
Because and since often introduce a dependent clause in complex sentences.
لأنه ومنذ في كثير من الأحيان تعتمد في الجمل المعقدة..
Dependent clauses are clauses that contain a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone.
تحتوي على فاعل وفعل ولكن لا يمكن أن يقف وحده
Examples:
- Since في بداية الجمله الأولى وبدال النقطه فاصله ونكمل الجمله الثانيه
Since quite a few people in the neighborhood come from the Middle East, there are many great Middle Eastern shops and restaurants.
2- Since في نهاية الجمله الأولى بدون فاصله او نقطه
There are many great Middle Eastern shops and restaurants here since quite a few people in the neighborhood come from the Middle East
Exercise 1 page 32
Combining sentences using since
الجمع بين الجمل باستخدام منذ
في الكتاب هذا لحل فقط
2- Since my apartment is very small,I have to keep it very clean.
3- Since my cousin needed a roommate and is easy to get along with, I decided to move in with him.
4- It is easy to get to know everyone in my dormitory since only 40 people live in it.
في الفقرة 4 since
جات في نهاية الجمله الاولى أي في الوسط والجمله اللي من
الجمله الثانيه تسنى جمله تعتمد على الشروطالى نهاية since
5- Since I have many relatives in the city, I decided not to live in a dormitory.
Since في الفقره 1-2-3-5-
جات في البدايه وبنهاية الجمله الأولى فاصله والجمله الاولى هاذي تسمى جمله تعتمد على الشروط
Varying sentence structure:
If most of the sentences in a paragraph are structured the same way or repeat the same words, the paragraph may be boring to read.
معظم الجمل في فقرة بنفس الطريقة أو تكرار الكلمات نفسها، قد تكون مملة للقراءة.
- You can make a paragraph more interesting by varying the sentence structure.
يمكنك جعل فقرة أكثر إثارة للاهتمام من خلال تغيير بنيةالجملة
- You can begin some of the sentences with dependent clauses beginning with words like
because, since and when
يمكنك أن تبدأ بعض الجمل مع الشروط ابتداء مع كلمات مثل، لأنه بما ان وعندما.
or prepositional phrases beginning with prepositions such as at, in, on, from or with.
أو عبارات الجر بدءا من حروف الجر مثل في، في، على، أو مع من
اول شيء نقسم الجمله قسمين بحيث ان القسم الأول يكون لأخر كلمه قبل ال وسطها when-because-since-او حرف من
حرورف الجر والقسم الثاني من ال وسطها when-because-since-او حرف من حرورف الجر الى أخرها
اللي علينا نبدل
ونحط بينهم فاصله
Exercise 2 page 33
1- I always see interesting people when I take a walk in my neighborhood.
الحل
- When I take a walk in my neighborhood, I always see interesting people
2- I never liked Chinese foodbefore I moved to this neighborhood.
الحل
- Before I moved to this neighborhoodI never liked Chinese food.
3- I have become used to sounds of traffic,since I moved to the city.
الحل
- Since I moved to the city,I have become used to sounds of traffic.
4- You can find newspapers from all over the world on any street corner.
الحل
- On any street corner, you can find newspapers from all over the world.
5- My neighborhood is quite diversebecause almost all of my neighbors are from a different
country.
الحل
- Because almost all of my neighbors are from a different
قسمنا الجمله الى قسمين وحطينا القسم الثاني مكان القسم الأول وبينهم فاصله
Part 3
Revising and Editing
مراجعة وتحرير
Revising with the topic sentence in mind:
- All the sentences in a paragraph should develop the main idea in the topic sentence.
ينبغى على الجملة في فقرة تطوير الفكرة الرئيسية في هذا الموضوع .
- If some of your sentences are not about the idea in your topic sentence, change or delete those sentences.
اذا كانت بعض الجمل ليست حول الفكرة في الموضوع ، تغيير أو تحذف الجملة
مثلا تكون عندنا فقره
اللي علينا هو 1- قراءتها 2- تعديل جملة العنوان بحيث انها تناسب اللي تتكلم عنه الفقره
3- حذف الجمل التي ليس لها صله بجملة العنوان الجديده
Exercise 1 page 35:
…
We live in an ordinary house and I think it is terrific! Our house is now 30 years old, but it looks newer. My house is like hundreds of other houses in the suburbs, one story with an attached garage. There is nothing special about the house, and it won’t win any prizes for architecture, but it’s perfect for our family. The kitchen is big and has new appliances, including a beautiful new dishwasher and a microwave oven. I don’t like the heat, but we have air conditioning in the living room and bedrooms, so it is always cool. For the kids there’s a nice yard where they can play. It’s very safe, so my wife and I don’t have to worry. I am very thankful that we can afford this house and live our ordinary lives there.
القطعة بعد التعديل
Correcting comma splices:
تصحيح الفاصلة
A comma splice is an incorrect sentence made of two independent clauses connected with a comma.
Examples:
- I am living in a dormitory room, it is much too small for my roommate and me.
- First you notice all the exciting sights, later you notice the dirt.
You can correct a comma splice by:
جملتين تجمعهم فاصله تعتبر خطاء كيف نصححها بـ 3 طرق
3- نبدلها بـ حرف من حروف العطف and-but-so
And لازم قبلها فاصله ,and
في كلمات خطاء استخدامها للتعديل الفاصله وإن وجدت أحذفها وبدلها بشيء ثاني
1- Change the comma to a period or a semicolon:
1- نبدها بـ . ونخلي اول حرف في الجمله الثانيه كبير (كبتل) \ ; فاصله ام نقطه
- I am living in a dormitory room. It is much too small for my roommate and me.
- First you notice all the exciting sights; later you notice the dirt.
2- Change the comma splice into a sentence with a dependent clause.
نبدلها باسم الاشار that
2-that او أي اسم إشاره مناسب للي تتكلم عنه الجمله بس الأغلبيه
I am living in a dormitory room that is much too small for my roommate and me.
2- Use a conjunction such as and, but, or so to connect the two independent clauses
3- نبدلها بـ حرف من حروف العطف and-but-so
And لازم قبلها فاصله ,and
- First you notice all the exciting sights, and later you notice the dirt.
1- في كلمات خطاء استخدامها للتعديل الفاصله وإن وجدت أحذفها وبدلها بشيء ثاني
The words then, however, therefore and later cannot be used to join two independent clauses.
Exercise 2 page 36:
1- My suburban apartment is big and sunny; it has a living room with large windows filled with plants.
1- بدلناها بـ فاصله ام نقطه ;
2- I have a roommate who is very sloppy. She never washes the dishes, and she leaves her clothes all over the apartment.
2- بدلناها بنقطه .
3- I like my street because my neighbors are wonderful. They will help anybody who is having problems.
3- بدلناها بنقطه .
4- First I painted my room, and later I made new curtains.
4- بدلناها بـ ,and
5- M y favorite place to relax is the park that is up the hill from my apartment.
5- بدلناها بـ that
6- My street is dirty and noisy, and it has many good restaurants and my neighbors are friendly
6- حذفنها however وبدلناها بـ ,and
Homework
Write a descriptive paragraph about the place where you live.
Make your paragraph interesting by using vivid sensory details
and varying sentence structure.