بالنسبه لاحمد الكومي اللي قاله في المحاضره الاولى و الثانيه
what is language?
lang. has two aspects function and form
function{it is a tool invented by human beings. it helps him to discover further tools.it is a gift of God pecular to human.animal lang. is very limited,but human lang. is very productive.
form{ has sounds-morphems-words-clauses-sentences
human lang.helps him to transfere culture material and immaterial.
it is a group of consonants and vowels.
characteristics of human language {displacement where people can talk about past present and future in opposite to animal like parrot
human lang. signalling system spoken and written
it has also gestures=facial expressions
cross cultural communication
human lang.is sound consonant and vowel
{u can elaborate in this point from the book of linguistics of 4 year
p\11-13 =study by heart
lang as a system{is asystematcic, it follows certain system. we have limited freedom in this system.
p\17
phoneme - voiceless stop \p\and \k
allophenem sub-categoryof a phonem\
lang. is made of syllables. some sylla.are strong than other based on conventions.
stress=rythm (strong followed by week and vers vice)
intonetion Q and statement
lang.is systematic
morphology=change the meaning of the word by adding suffex=govern+ment
lexical=difinition from the hand out
N-V-Adj-Adv=open
preposition=close ending
*details in handout<not sure of it
lecture 2
in addition to what is in handout he adda these points[imp.
communication
the function of lang.
1)expressive=emotiom(a string of curse)
2( playing=children -advertisememt(cute -execute
3(clarifying=point of view -philosophers
4(strengthening bond=phatic communication talking about something wheathe with people u do not know
5(directive=giving orders
lang.types
1=synthetic
lang.bound
morphem
turkish\chinese
2=analytic
using very few bound morphem
english
good luck u should go back to the handout
this is just an outline for what u studybut to understand more see HANDOUT honey