Theme is the semantic role of the noun phrase used to identify the entity involved in or affected by the action of the verb in an event (e.g. The boy kicked the ball)
Instrument is the semantic role of the noun phrase identifying the entity that is used to perform the action of the verb (e.g. The boy cut the rope with a razor
Experiencer is the semantic role of the noun phrase identifying the entity that has the feeling, perception or state described by the verb (e.g. The boy feels sad)
Location is the semantic role of the noun phrase identifying where an entity is (e.g. The boy is sitting in the classroom)
Source is the semantic role of the noun phrase identifying where an entity moves from (e.g. The boy ran from the house)
Goal is the semantic role of the noun phrase identifying where an entity moves to (e.g. The boy walked to the window)
Synonymy is the lexical relation in which two or more words have very closely related meanings
Antonymy is the lexical relation in which words have opposite meanings
Reversives are antonyms in which the meaning of one is the reverse action of the other(e.g. dress/undress
Hyponymy is the lexical relation in which the meaning of one word is included in the meaning of another (e.g. “Daffodil” is a hyponym of “flower”).
The idea of ‘the characteristic instance’ of a category is known as the prototype
The study of the relationship between language and the brain is called neurolinguistics.
The brain stem (connecting the brain to the spinal cord).
The corpus callosum (connecting the two hemispheres).
The two hemispheres (right and left).
Specific aspects of language ability can be accorded specific locations in the brain. This is called the localization view
Slip of the ear is a processing error in which one word or phrase is heard as another, as in hearing ‘great ape’ when the utterance was “gray tape”.
Aphasia is defined as an impairment of language function due to localized brain damage that leads to difficulty in understanding and/or producing linguistic forms.
Broca’s aphasia (also called ‘motor aphasia’)is a language disorder in which speech production is typically reduced, distorted, slow and missing grammatical markers.
Difficulty in finding the correct word, sometimes referred to as anomia
Conduction aphasia is a language disorder associated with damage to the arcuate fasciculus in which repeating words or phrases is difficult