أساليب تدريس اللغة Lang. teaching approaches

Grammar-translation approach

instruction is given in the native lang. of the students

استخدام قليل للغة المستهدفة للتدريس· little use of target lang

التركيز يكون على الإعراب والتصريف· focus is on parsing and inflection

there is early reading of difficult classical texts

typical exercises to translate sentences from target lang.to native

the result is usually an inability for student lang. communication

teacher don't have to speak target lang

Direct approach

No use of the native lang. is permitted (teacher doesn't need to know student native lang

Lessons begin with dialogues and anecdotes in modern conversational style

Action and pictures are used to make meaning clear

Grammar is learned inductively بالحث

Literary texts are read for pleasure and are not analyzed grammatically

The target culture is also taught inductively

Teacher (must) be a native speaker or native-like in teaching target lang

Reading approach

The only grammar useful for reading comprehension is taught

vocabulary is control at first and then expanded

Translation is respectable classroom procedure

The only lang. skill emphasized is Reading

Teacher doesn't need to have good oral proficiency in target lang

Audiolingualism approach

Lessons begin with a dialogue

Mimicry and memorization are used, based on assumption that lang. is a habit formation

Grammatical structures are sequenced and rules are taught inductively

Skills are sequenced: listening, speaking-reading, writing postponed

Pronunciation is stressed from beginning

معاني الكلمات محدودة بشدة في المراحل الابتدائية· Vocabulary is severely limited in initial stages

Lang. is often manipulated without regard to meaning or context

Teacher must be proficient only in the structures, vocabulary since learning activities are carefully controlled

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