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ركزوا على المحاضرات 10 ومابعدها

Dealing With Difficulty


Improvising: Speakers sometimes try any word or phrase they can come up with in the hope that it is about right.
Discarding: When speakers simply cannot find words for what they want to say, they may discard the thought that they cannot put into words.
Foreignising: When operating in a foreign language, speakers and writers sometimes choose a word in a language they know well ( such as their first language) and foreignize it in the hope it will be equivalent to the meaning they wish to express in the foreign language.
Paraphrasing: Speakers sometimes paraphrase, talking about something for cleaning the teeth if they do not know the word ‘ toothbrush’.