المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة سلطان الشمال في المحاضره الثانيه , يقول الدكتور بجيب على المحاضره الاولى والثانيه من 10 الى 15 سؤال ... والجمل اللي تحتها خط مهمه .. ^ ^ ماكلمته والله .. هو قالها بنفسه والله والله واعتقد في الدقيقه 2 شركة الاتصالات حجبت الاتصالات علي هههههههههههههههههههه تذكرون دوع ـــــابه

The Puritan Age (1600-1660)
The Literature of the Seventeenth Century may be divided into two periods- The Puritan Age or the Age of Milton (1600-1660)which is further divided into the Jacobean and Caroline periods after the names of the rulers James I and Charles I, was ruled from 1603 to 1625 and 1625 to 1649 respectively; and the Restoration Period or the Age of Dryden(1660-1700). The Seventeenth Century was marked by the decline of the Renaissance spirit, and the writers either imitated the great masters of Elizabethan period or followed new paths

Milton’s Life
John Milton was born on December 9, 1608, in London.

In 1638 he made a trip to Italy,
Upon his return from Italy, he began planning an epic poem, the first ever written in English.

When the Second Civil War ended in 1648, with King Charles dethroned and executed, Milton welcomed the new parliament and wrote pamphlets in its support. After serving for a few years in a civil position, he retired briefly to his house in Westminster because his eyesight was failing. By 1652 he was completely blind
In his twenties, Milton wrote five masterful long poems
Even in these early poems, Milton’s literary output was guided by his faith in God.
Milton believed that all poetry served a social, philosophical, and religious purpose. He thought that poetry should glorify God, promote religious values, enlighten readers, and help people to become better Christians.

Women and Marriage
Much of Milton’s social commentary in Paradise Lost focuses on the proper role of women. In Book IV he makes clear that he does not think men and women are equals, alluding to biblical passages that identify man as the master of woman. Although Milton viewed women as inferior to men, believing that wives should be subservient to their husbands, he did not see himself as a woman-hater.



Light and Dark
Opposites abound in Paradise Lost, including Heaven and Hell, God and Satan, and good and evil. Milton’s uses imagery of light and darkness to express all of these opposites. Angels are physically described in terms of light, whereas devils are generally described by their shadowy darkness
Milton also uses light to symbolize God and God’s grace. In his invocation in Book III, Milton asks that he be filled with this light so he can tell his divine story accurately and persuasively. While the absence of light in Hell and in Satan himself represents the absence of God and his grace.
The Geography of the Universe
Milton divides the universe into four major regions: glorious Heaven, dreadful Hell, confusing Chaos, and a young and vulnerable Earth in between. The opening scenes that take place in Hell give the reader immediate context as to Satan’s plot against God and humankind. The intermediate scenes in Heaven, in which God tells the angels of his plans, provide a philosophical and theological context for the story.
Then, with these established settings of good and evil, light and dark, much of the action occurs in between on Earth. The powers of good and evil work against each other on this new battlefield of Earth. Satan fights God by tempting Adam and Eve, while God shows his love and mercy through the Son’s punishment of Adam and Eve.
Symbols
Symbols are objects, characters, figures, and colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.
The Scales in the Sky
As Satan prepares to fight Gabriel when he is discovered in Paradise, God causes the image of a pair of golden scales to appear in the sky. On one side of the scales, he puts the consequences of Satan’s running away, and on the other he puts the consequences of Satan’s staying and fighting with Gabriel.
The side that shows him staying and fighting flies up, signifying its lightness and worthlessness. These scales symbolize the fact that God and Satan are not truly on opposite sides of a struggle—God is all-powerful, and Satan and Gabriel both derive all of their power from Him. God’s scales force Satan to realize the futility of taking arms against one of God’s angels again.
Adam’s Wreath
The wreath that Adam makes as he and Eve work separately in Book IX is symbolic in several ways. First, it represents his love for her and his attraction to her. But as he is about to give the wreath to her, his shock in noticing that she has eaten from the Tree of Knowledge makes him drop it to the ground.
His dropping of the wreath symbolizes that his love and attraction to Eve is falling away. His image of her as a spiritual companion has been shattered completely, as he realizes her fallen state. The fallen wreath represents the loss of pure love.
To Daffodils
Fair Daffodils, we weep to see
you haste away so soon

* The poet talks to the flowers, he tells them that he is so sad because he knows the life of the flowers is short and will die soon and leave him.
* He talks to the flowers as human being able to listen and speak in order to attract the attention of the reader or listener ' this is called personification.'


To Daffodils

As yet the early-rising sun
has not attain'd his noon

*The flowers were born in the morning, they die and the rising sun hasn't reached the noon time.

To Daffodils


Stay, stay, (sound alliteration)
until the hasting day
has run (symbolic of death)
But to the even-song ;( symbolic referring to the song of death)
and, having pray'd together, we
Will go with you along
To Daffodils

*Stay, stay forced rhyme in order to stress his wishes to continue flourish and stay till the end of the day.
* The poet then addresses the daffodils and asks them to stay until the end of the day with the evening prayer. After praying together he says that they will also accompany the daffodils.

To Daffodils

We have short time to stay, as you,
we have as short a spring;
as quick a growth to meet decay,
as you, or anything
* The poet symbolically refers to the youth as spring in these lines. He compares human life with the life of daffodils. Further he says that both of them grow very fast to be destroyed later. Just like the short duration of the flowers, human too die away soon.
*He compares the human life with daffodils that all of them have short life (simile)
*He continues comparing the daffodils’ life to spring season to show the shortness of life.
To Daffodils

As quick a growth to meet decay,

*He compares the daffodils to the period of growth.

As you or anything
we die

*Every creature will be dying. And we die.
Like to the summer's rain;
Or as the pearls of morning's dew,
ne'er to be found again.
To Daffodils
Their life is as short as the rain of the summer season, which comes for a very short time; and the dew-drops in the morning, which vanish away and never return again. Thus, the poet after comparing the flowers to humans later turns to the objects of nature – he has compared the life of daffodils with summer rain, dew drops.
*He compares pearls to the dew to show the beauty, shining and tiny. Last line he wishes that time goes back but there is no way.
( metaphor.)
To Daffodils

Theme: life is too short, it's called the mutability of life and usually ends sooner than we wish or desire.
*The lines are short with musical tone.


المحاضرة الرابعة عشر عبارة عن مراجعة نهائية
The Puritan Age (1600-1660)
The Puritan Age or the Age of Milton
the Restoration Period or the Age of Dryden(1660-1700)
Paradise Lost
John Milton
Milton’s Life
John Milton was born on December 9, 1608, in London
In 1638 he made a trip to Italy
Upon his return from Italy, he began planning an epic poem, the first ever written in English
Women and Marriage
Much of Milton’s social commentary in Paradise Lost focuses on the proper role of women. In Book IV he makes clear that he does not think men and women are equals, alluding to biblical passages that identify man as the master of woman. Although Milton viewed women as inferior to men, believing that wives should be subservient to their husbands, he did not see himself as a woman-hater. I
Symbols
Symbols are objects, characters, figures, and colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.
The Scales in the Sky
As Satan prepares to fight Gabriel when he is discovered in Paradise, God causes the image of a pair of golden scales to appear in the sky. On one side of the scales, he puts the consequences of Satan’s running away, and on the other he puts the consequences of Satan’s staying and fighting with Gabriel. The side that shows him staying and fighting flies up, signifying its lightness and worthlessness.
Adam’s Wreath
The wreath that Adam makes as he and Eve work separately in Book IX is symbolic in several ways. First, it represents his love for her and his attraction to her. But as he is about to give the wreath to her, his shock in noticing that she has eaten from the Tree of Knowledge makes him drop it to the ground
Literary Terms
1-Personification is giving inanimate objects or abstract ideas human qualities or actions; making non-human things appear as human.
2-Metaphor: a comparison between two objects for the purpose of describing one of them; a metaphor states that the one object is the other.
3- Alliteration: close repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.
4- Diction: an author’s choice and use of words; his vocabulary.
5- Epic: an extended narrative poem, with heroic subject matter and theme, and exalted tone.
6- Rhyme: the use of words with similar sounds in poetry, usually but not always at the ends of lines.
7- Stanza: a group of lines in a poem divided off from the others. Each stanza is usually the same number of lines in length.

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