المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة betterbutter

there are so many people having contact with the sea. There is a reference to tristanund isolde who is sitting, waiting for the coming of her beloved to the sea. This is one reference to water. It is the possibility of water that carries the symbol of fertility- possibility of rebirth. There is reference to rebirth as an act of fertility – a sign of fertility.
relying on some sources in the poem, we can detect this theme in the poem, speaking of fertility- death and rebirth.
one of the books that eliot relied on is "from ritual to romance"
eliot admitted that most of the ideas, images are suggested by two books
"from ritual to romance" and" holy grail"
in " from ritual to romance" he said that certain religious rituals had not died completely , but they crept into literature and continued to be present in literature under christianity. The three deities- are related to different seasons- summer, winter, autumn- they stand for the cycle of life- death and rebirth, fertility, seasons- they stand for the death and rebirth of the land- rebirth= a sign of fertility= giving= production. Whenever we have the theme of death and rebirth, we have to remember these three deities= small gods. They are used by eliot because he believed in the role of these three deities in the traditional literature. They are applicable to the situation in the waste land. They lack the spiritual – religious side of their life.
in death by water, there is the death of the sailor who is a typical character of the waste land. He is dead by – in water. It means that there is presence of fertility. The theme of fertility is still there. There is another creation of the theme of fertility. The [presence of water is a suggestion of fertility – possibility of rebirth.
the phoenician sailor-, who is the dead person by water, is a typical character of the waste land. Spiritually, he is dead. He is blind and he has been taken by the cycle, the wheel of life in the whirlpool of life. Unless he manages to break this cycle, come to life again- that is possible, it is like death in life- he is dead in water= the source of life.
when we speak about death by water, we need to speak about the theme of fertility. It is suggested by the presence of water. Water means fertility. Water means life. This time, it is a source of death.
this man is spiritually dead. He is blind by his earthly desires. Unless, he turns to the spiritual side of life, he manages to, participant in the rebirth, regeneration, hew wont come to life. So, there is a possibility of fertility, reproduction. It is enough for us to think of water as a source of fertility.
in the story of tristanund isolde , to which he is referring , in the part of hyacinth girl, there is a reference for some one who is coming out of the sea. There is water; isolde is waiting there by water- like the dead person- the phoenician sailor- in death by water – she is a lady waiting for her beloved to come back.
here, we can not speak of any romantic idea because they are spiritually dead. They are disappointed, frustrated.
there is no romance. They are approaching the idea of having some kind of love relationship, but there is always frustration.
the waste land is a dead land.
with the hyacinth girl , there is frustration. With the lady in game of chess, there is frustrated love. There is the presence of hot water.
all these ideas are to make us think of fertility, of the possibility of some positive relation presence between the companions. Giving the girl a flower is a romantic action, but it ends with frustration. She is being left alone in the garden. She was left alone and frustrated.
in what the thunder said- though there is thunder, there is no sign of fertility. There is no presence of a woman who may suggest the presence of fertility.
q- how far is the waste land a reflection of its age?
it is a waste, dead land. The whole situation – after the war- the political, social changes, the complete destruction of religion of that age- early 20th century western world- it is of utter destruction of life.
the people included in the poem are real people. The unreal city- not imagined- it is a real city. It is not being inhabited by real people. It is dead. People are dead. They are never aware of what was going on. They do not care.
there is the idea of being on a dead land. This land needs to be resurrected, coming to life again. There is still a possibility with the presence of the religious theme here and there- the spiritual. The voice in the second part in the first section, when there is an invitation to show something new that he has not seen ever- the red rock that gives no shelter- it is not the shadow against the sun. It is a spiritual shadow. There is the presence of the church that is never being noticed by people who are walking on the bridge of london. They are dead in a sense.
eliot relied on" the holy grail" it is build on the story of king arthur and his search for the holy grail of the last supper. There is the presence of holiness, the theme of religion, the need to go back to religion. They will be resurrected only if they manage to find the holy grail. It is in the church and the church is being deserted. They are controlled by the feeling of frustration. They have suspicions about the present. They have fears. They do not trust the future. Because of all these things, they can not live. They could not reach to the church. The church has no windows.
there is this idea of depicting their real problem. They have cut off religion. After the war, they are martyrs, dying for the land. In the middle of the war, they come to the realization that al this killing and blood shed is nonsense, not logic. They come out of war with no faith.
it is not physical but spiritual death. It is the death of relationships, death of faith. They have lost beliefs in themselves, in others and in god. Their relation with god has been destroyed with the destruction of the land. This land is dead because of this loss of faith. Man is being destroyed.
there are people running on the bridge of london, but they are empty from inside. They are dead. They are not able to recognize any body.
the fragmented pieces here and there of the story - in the poem- are a reflection of the age. It is a reflection of the fragmentary that people suffered at that time. The fragmentary language adds to the cut down, broken down, to the bits and pieces, a heaps of broken images. A heap of images is the exact word by which we can describe the waste land. As a poem, it is on ly a heap of broken images, here and there . When we put them together, we come with an image. This image is a reflection of a broken picture.
the languages -french- german- are used to universalize the poem . They reflect the theme of lack of communication. People do not speak the same language. They are unable to communicate. Using different languages, he wants to emphasize the difficulty, the impossibility of the waste landers to communicate. He wants to say that they do not have a common language. It is difficult for them to set one issue, to decide. If they are not able to speak one language, they will not be able to recreate their land. They are being scattered on the land, speaking fragmentary language.




this is the last movement of the poem. It is one of the most important movements.


the whole image is of death. It is reference to christ.
the whole stanza is expressing agony, speaking of the act of crucifixion of christ, killing, and its effect on the world.
here, the waste landers' god is absent. They are living in chaos.
the whole stanza creates an atmosphere of death. They are alive, but spiritually speaking they are dead. Religion is not part of their life. They do not rely on religion to survive, to cure their suffering.

the whole stanza is reference to spiritual death. This is the death of christ himself. He did not die natural death, he was killed. Severe action is being involved. This prepares us for the destruction of the modern man. Hard action is being involved. This is responsible for the coming destruction of the whole world. This refers to the agony of being in prison- of being deceived by a friend and brought to his end. It is reference to the absence of faith, of honest relationship. Christ's death is reference to the ultimate darkness the whole world is living in since his death.


there is complete absence of water, of moisture from the waste land, not even the sweat. They remember the sweat of christ. This is very painful to memorize.
the man standing on the rocks is not even enjoying a drop of sweat. There is utter dryness. There is no water. There is complete absence of any possibility of fertility. There is thunder, but there is no rain. Sweat of the christ on the cross is remembered which is painful. It is another harsh and painful memory.
it is a place where there is the sound of thunder, dry rocks under the heat of sun. They can not even have sweat. There is thunder. The sky is falling on them. It is a painful image. There is no possibility of resurrection.
they are dying for a drop of water.





man is suspended- in between- lost his way. He is cut of the world around him. It is the situation of being unrest, suffering, and inability to settle down. Man can never lie or sit. There is not even silence because of the sound of the thunder which may destroy the mountain. The thunder can split the mountain. Even the blessing of silence is not there. The muddy houses are dry so that they *****ed. There is no water. The houses which are supposed to be places of protection, they are places of utter dryness and death.





dr- what the thunder said-
the speaker's vision is of the decay and collapse of western civilization [speaking of christ's death is speaking about the death of all humanity] consequently, images of decay and sterility assume such nightmare proportion that to put them in orderly- well organized- blank verse would be entirely put of keeping with the chaotic image with which is movement abound .
in the absence of fertility themes, the water imagery has completely disappeared except as a symbol of memory and desire. This movement represents a recapitulation of the sterility theme. Taking up once again the dominant imagery of the second part of the first movement - dry red rock-. The feminine motif usually appears in conjunction with the fertility theme. It is here dissociated from this theme. It manifests itself in weird and sinister forms = either sex-or in the form of women who seem to be waiting over for the death of christy. The masculine motif is maintained by the voice of the speaker who is masculine as well as by the illusion of christ- another masculine, his apostle at the questing night- another masculine.
thunder commonly intimates the arrival of rain. Eliot refers specially to the message of the thunder given in brihadaranyaka - it is one of the books of sanskrit- sacred to hinduism . This is the language by which the thunder gives its words dayadhvam- datta- damyata. = calling for man to sympathize with others, to be open to other man and to give-
datta-= this is the thunder first command = to give. He can only reflect that he had been too prudent to surrender himself either to sexual lust or religious faith. The one who can not do so realizes that he is a lost soul playing for the water of heavenly grace.
dayadhvam= this is the thunder's second command. Man is act to sympathize perhaps to understand and love humanity. Yet he is a prisoner not in his solitary dream. He is imprisoned in his own subject world unable to communicate with the fellow men each of whom, there is another solitary prisoner.
damyata= this is the command perhaps to control oneself and to allow god to control one spirit.
the thunder section seems to happen parallel to the climax of the quest for the holy grail and even takes the place of the expected question to the grail.
the country of india is still in the dry season and nature awakes the coming of the rain. In this case, the thunder announces not rain but the advice by which men's life can be revitalized.



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