1
the properties are: displacement , arbitariness , productivity , cultural transmission
2
phonemes are: meaningful sounds , if one sound is used instead of the other in a word it's meaning will change ,f, and ,v, fat and vat , phones and allphones : phones are different versions of sound - type regulary produced in actual speech , they are phonetic units and appear in square brackets . when we ave a set of pjones, all of which are versions of one phoeme , we add the prefix allo
3
the process of not pronouncing a sound segment that night be present in the deliberately careful pronunciation of a word in isolation is described as elision Example: you and me (d)sound is not pronouncd
4
syllable must contain a vowel or vowel like sound, including diphthongs. The most common type of syllable in language also has a consonant (C) before the vowel (V) and is typically represented as CV. The basic elements of the syllabus are the onset (one or more consonants) followed by the rhyme. The rhyme (sometimes written as “rime”( consists of a vowel which is treated as the nucleus, plus any following consonant(s), described as the coda. Syllables like me, to or no have an onset and a nucleus, but no coda. They are known as open syllables. When a coda is present, as in the syllables up, cup, at or hat, they are called closed syllables The basic structure of the kind of syllable found in English words: green (CCVC), eggs (VCC), and (VCC), I (V), do (CV), not (CVC), like (CVC), them (CVC), Sam (CVC), am (VC)
5
Word formation: ? Etymology ? Coinage ? Borrowing ? Compounding ? Blending ? Clipping ? Backformation ? Conversion ? Acronyms ? Derivation ?Prefixes and suffixes
6
Free morphemes are morphemes that can stand by themselves as single words. For example: open and tour • Bound morphemes are morphemes that cannot normally stand alone and are typically attached to another form. For example: re-, -ist, -ed, -s (prefixes and suffixes) Free morphemes can generally be identified as the set of separate English word forms such as basic nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc When free morphemes are used with bound morphemes attached, the basic word forms are technically known as stems. For example: undressed and carelessness (un- bound= prefix) (dress free = stem) (-ed bound= suffix)