an Essay
several long paragraphs discuss complex topic
A piece of writing consists of several paragraphs
One topic, just as a paragraph
Discussing too complex topic in several paragraphs
Parts of an Essay
An essay has three main parts: an introduction, a body, and a conclusion
The introduction
This is the first paragraph of an essay. It explains the topic with general ideas. It also has a thesis statement. This is a sentence that gives the main idea. It usually comes at or near the end of the paragraph.
The main body
These are the paragraphs that explain and support the thesis statement and come between the introduction and the conclusion. There must be one or more paragraphs in the main body of an essay
The conclusion
This is the last paragraph of an essay. It summarises or restates the thesis and the supporting ideas of the essay.
Unity
a paragraph discusses one and only one main idea from beginning .
Coherence
the sentences must hold together; that is, the movement from one sentence to the next must be logical and smooth, without sudden jumps.
A conjunction
joins words, phrases, and sentences, which are called clauses.
Parallelism
using similar structures to express similar ideas.
A Process essay
is a description of a procedure, a step-by-step analysis and explanation of a process.
Compound Sentence
contains two independent clauses that are joined together.
a strong thesis statement
A thesis statement gives the author's opinion or states an important idea about the topic
Adverb Clause
An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb.
COMMA
In a Series – Place a comma between three or more items connected by a coordinating conjunction.
A colon (:)
Is often useful before lists of two, three, or more subtopics in a thesis statement.
body paragraph
The place to develop your topic and prove your points
The body paragraph in an essay are like the supporting sentences in a paragraph. They are the place to develop your topic and prove your points.
thesis statement
Gives the author's opinion or states an important idea about the topic.
The thesis statement is the sentence that tells the main idea of the whole essay. It can be compared to a topic sentence, which gives the main idea of a paragraph. It usually comes at or near the end of the introductory paragraph.
Logical division of ideas
Appropriate pattern for dividing your topic into subtopics and then discuss them
is an appropriate pattern for explaining causes), reasons, types, kinds, qualities, methods, advantages, and disadvantages
Comparison and Contrast
Comparing things is something we do every day when we have to make decisions.
complex sentences with adverb clauses
An adverb clause acts like an adverb; that is, it tells where, when, why and how. An adverb clause begins with a subordinator, such as when, while, because, although, if, so, or that. It can come before or after
An independent clause.
complex sentences with Adjective clauses
An adjective clause acts like an adjective; that is, it describes a noun or pronoun.
An adjective clause begins with a relative pronoun, such as who, whom, which, whose, or that or with a relative adverb, such as where or when. It follows the noun or pronoun it describes.
complex sentences with Noun clauses
A noun clause begins with a wh-question word, that, whether, and sometimes if. A noun clause acts like
a noun; it can be either the subject or an object of the independent clause.
For
Connects a reason to a result
And
Connects equal similar ideas
Nor
Connects two negative sentences
But
Connects equal different ideas
Or
Connects two equal choices
Yet
Connects equal contrasting ideas
So
Connects a result to a reason
Transition Signals
To introduce an additional idea: in addition, furthermore, moreover, besides, also, too, and.
To introduce an opposite idea or contrast: on the other hand, in contrast, however, nevertheless, instead, still, and nonetheless, but, yet, although, while, whereas, though, even though..
To introduce a choice or alternative: otherwise, or, if, unless.
To introduce a restatement or explanation: in fact, indeed, that is .
To list in order: first, second, third, next, last, finally, the first, second, the next, last, final…
To introduce an example: for example, for instance
To introduce a conclusion or summary: clearly, in brief, in conclusion, indeed, in short, in summary
To introduce a result: accordingly, as a result, as a consequent, therefore, consequently, hence, thus, so