closed- and open-class items (function words, grammar words)

• All English words can be classified as belonging to a “closed class” or an “open class.” (Closed-class words are also called “function words” or “grammar words” and open-class words are also called “lexical words” or “content words.”
كل الكلمات الانجليزيه تصنف على انها (( نوع مغلق )) و (( نوع مفتوح )) . كل كلمات النوع المغلق يطلق عليها
ايضاً الكلمات الوظيفيه او كلمات القواعد .ء و كلمات النوع المفتوح يطلق عليها ايضاً كلمات معجميه او كلمات محتوى

Closed classes are called “closed” because new words are seldom added to them. All determiners, pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions are closed class. The adverb word class is partly open and partly closed.)

ويطلق عليها (( مغلق )) لانها نادراً ما تُضاف عليها كلمات جديده .... مثل المحددات و الضمائر الروابط حروف الجر

و كذلك الظرف تاتي احياناً مفتوحه و احيانا مغلقة ......ء