Natural Language Processing (NLP) Computational Linguistics (CL) اختصار Why Study NLP? Human language interesting & challenging NLP offers insights into language Language is the medium of the web Interdisciplinary: Ling, CS, psych, math Help in communication With computers (ASR, TTS) With other humans (MT) Ambitious yet practical Goals of NLP Scientific Goal Identify the computational machinery needed for an agent to exhibit various forms of linguistic behavior . Engineering Goal Design, implement, and test systems that process natural languages for practical applications Applications speech processing: get flight information or book a hotel over the phone . information extraction: discover names of people and events they participate in, from a document . machine translation: translate a document from one human language into another . question answering: find answers to natural language questions in a text collection or database . summarization: generate a short biography of Noam Chomsky from one or more news articles . General Themes Ambiguity of Language Language as a formal system Rule-based vs. Statistical Methods The need for efficiency Rule-based: model system with linguistic rules Statistical: model system with probabilities of what normally happensس هاد اختصار المحاضره 12 ع السريع