ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester

[hopeful]

بنات إختبار تحليل الخطاب اليوم .... أحد عنده خبر كيف طريقة الاسئله؟ :(

[مرشدة مغرورة]

هذي مشاركة قديمة للي تسأل عن اختيار الشعر مع حصة :


أتذكر جابت شلون جون دن صور الديث في قصيدته ؟؟
اممم جابت بعد عن الالتر وايش الشيب اللي استعمله
وتشرحين وش سالفته وكذا !
وايش بعد ياربييييي ايه تكلمي عن الستركتشر تبع قصيدة لوكاستا
وو جابت ابيات من هذيك القصيدة اللي فيها nightingale تطلعين التشبيهات وكذا
وجابت ابيات ثانية تشرحينها يعني ..

جابت 7 أسئلة او 8 وتختارين خمس
عموما ً الاختبار ماكان مرره صعب حليوو يعني

وبس هذ اللي أتذكره وبالتوفيق

ادعي لي ربي ينجحني بكل موادي وآخذ درجات زينه
ويارب لا يخيّب تعبنا ولا تعبكم

[مرشدة مغرورة]

و هذا جزء من الكللام اللي منزلته د.حصة للشعر بالياهو



George Herbert Life & Art

George Herbert was born in Montgomery, Wales, on April 3, 1593, the fifth son of Richard and Magdalen Newport Herbert. After his father's death in 1596, he and his six brothers and three sisters were raised by their mother, patron to John Donne who dedicated his Holy Sonnets to her. Herbert was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. His first two sonnets, sent to his mother in 1610, maintained that the love of God is a worthier subject for verse than the love of woman. His first verses to be published, in 1612, were two memorial poems in Latin on the death of Prince Henry, the heir apparent.
After taking his degrees with distinction (B.A. in 1613 and M.A. in 1616), Herbert was elected a major fellow of Trinity, in 1618 he was appointed Reader in Rhetoric at Cambridge, and in 1620 he was elected public orator (to 1628). It was a post carrying dignity and even some authority: its incumbent was called on to express, in the florid Latin of the day, the sentiments of the university on public occasions.1 In 1624 and 1625 Herbert was elected to represent Montgomery in Parliament. In 1626, at the death of Sir Francis Bacon, (who had dedicated his Translation of Certaine Psalmes to Herbert the year before) he contributed a memorial poem in Latin. Herbert's mother died in 1627; her funeral sermon was delivered by Donne. In 1629, Herbert married his step-father's cousin Jane Danvers, while his brother Edward Herbert, the noted philosopher and poet, was raised to the peerage as Lord Herbert of Chirbury.
Herbert could have used his post of orator to reach high political office, but instead gave up his secular ambitions. Herbert took holy orders in the Church of England in 1630 and spent the rest of his life as rector in Bemerton near Salisbury. At Bemerton, George Herbert preached and wrote poetry; helped rebuild the church out of his own funds; he cared deeply for his parishoners. He came to be known as "Holy Mr. Herbert" around the countryside in the three years before his death of consumption on March 1, 1633.
A Priest to the Temple (1652), Herbert's Baconian manual of practical advice to country parsons, bears witness to the intelligent devotion with which he undertook his duties as priest. Herbert had long been in ill health. On his deathbed, he sent the manuscript of The Temple to Nicholas Ferrar, asking him to publish the poems only if he thought they might do good to "any dejected poor soul."3 It was published in 1633 and met with enormous popular acclaim—it had 13 printings by 1680.
Herbert's poems are characterized by a precision of language, a metrical versatility, and an ingenious use of imagery or conceits that was favored by the metaphysical school of poets.3 They include almost every known form of song and poem, but they also reflect Herbert's concern with speech--conversational, persuasive, proverbial. Carefully arranged in related sequences, the poems explore and celebrate the ways of God's love as Herbert discovered them within the fluctuations of his own experience.2 Because Herbert is as much an ecclesiastical as a religious poet, one would not expect him to make much appeal to an age as secular as our own; but it has not proved so. All sorts of readers have responded to his quiet intensity; and the opinion has even been voiced that he has, for readers of the late twentieth century, displaced Donne as the supreme Metaphysical poe 
2
Andrew Marvell – A Dialogue Between the Soul and Body

This poem addresses the dichotomy between a person’s Body and Soul, using strong, elegant rhetoric and vivid imagery. Soul and Body are portrayed in a state of mutual entrapment, both being subject to each other’s whims and needs. Marvell alters the conventional structure for poems dealing with this dichotomy by giving the final lines to the body, rather than the soul. The ambiguity in these lines ensures we are left without a clear sense of a victory for one side or the other.

The Soul’s incredibly visceral, visual self-portrait as a tortured prisoner in Stanza 1 provides an affecting introduction to its argument. The idea of the Soul strung out, ‘manacled in hands’ and ‘fettered’ by feet, is made even more stirring by sound effects in the line. The alliteration that links ‘bolts’ and ‘bones, ‘feet’ and ‘fettered’, and the repeated ‘an’ sound stressed in ‘manacles’ and ‘hands’, reflect the image described through thee idea of pairs – each part of the soul has an equivalent part of the body, which connects to it and fastens it down. The effect continues through the stanza with ‘blinded’ and ‘eye’, ‘deaf’ and ‘drumming’. The wonderful, graphic line ‘Of nerves, and arteries, and veins’ is fragmented by caesura into a symmetrical pattern of 1 foot, 2 feet, 1 foot – suggesting the entwining of strands of thread, or the rigid form of the body cutting up the shapeless soul. The stanza ends with a rhetorical flourish, demonstrating confidence and wit. The iambic tetrameter is altered by a spondaic substitution that emphasizes ‘vain head’. This pairs with ‘double heart’ to give a conclusion that sounds decisive and satisfying. The ending encourages us to unpick the meaning of ‘double heart’ – it implies both ‘excessive amounts’ – uncontrollable feeling, and being prone to changes of mood’, as in two-faced.

The Body’s lament of Stanza 2 takes a similar argument. The connotations that attach the word ‘tyrannic’ put in motion a whole set of images in the readers’ mind – political might and oppression, rebellion and violent punishment similar to the torture described in stanza 1. We notice throughout the poem that both entities use the same arguments against each other. On a deeper level there is a lack of clarity about which human traits are accountable to which part of the human. The meanings suggested by ‘double heart’ seem to reproach the Body for over-feeling – yet here in Stanza 2 the ‘heat’ of passionate emotion is ascribed to the Soul, which ‘warms and moves this needless frame’. On a fundamental level, Marvell suggests that there is unity between these two seemingly opposite forces, such that their respective actions are inseparable form one another.

The final lines of Stanza 2 play on religious and superstitious imagery to demonstrate wit and mastery of rhetoric. Line 18 echoes but inverts the theological paradoxes found in devotional works of Herbert and Donne, which state that a person must die (in a spiritual sense) in order to live. Lines 19 and 20 portray the Body as a troubled spirit, forced to stalk the earth, ‘never rest’, as a result of being ‘possessed’ by a soul. There is irony in the fact that the soul is a person’s access to heaven, yet here it keeps the body grounded in a kind of purgatorial state. The transition to the third Stanza, with the Soul’s questioning of ‘magic’, goes almost unnoticed after the Body’s discussion of ‘spirits’ and being ‘possessed’. The fact that Soul and Body adopt one another’s images and manners of speaking is further suggestion that the two voices come from the same fundamental source.

The Soul’s ironic presentation of sickness in Stanza 3 pivots on the idea that the soul is on a journey to heaven – as seen in Marvell poems such as A Drop of Dew, the soul feels uncomfortable on earth. Therefore for the Soul every bodily sickness hurts double – first in sympathy for the pain of the body, and then in frustration after restored health ‘shipwrecks’ the Soul’s efforts to reach heaven through death. The body then twists the idea of sickness again, casting all emotions as forms of disease. The steady accumulation achieved through listing is strengthened by the lack of enjambement, maintaining the crisp rhetorical sound, and giving the effect of a doctor’s formal list of diagnoses. The resultant view of human life that emerges is as an impossible struggle against the pain of emotion, a siege of paradoxes and an inner battle between the elements of a person. It’s strange that such a chaotic picture should emerge from such ordered, controlled verse.

Even stranger is the enigmatic final image. Spoken by the body, it could describe the Soul (the ‘architect’) breaking and shaping the Body (the ‘tree’ or ‘forest’), in order to ‘build [it] up for sin’. Yet the intelligence suggested by ‘architect’, and the symmetry and beauty suggested by ‘square’, leave us with a sense of order and creation as well as brutality and destruction. The line could be read as a distillation of the process described by the rest of the poem – that by being subjected to the awkward contraries of life, a person is prepared for the building of something new
The Altar
http://www.thingsrevealed.net/altar1.htm
by George Herbert
A broken ALTAR, Lord thy servant rears,
Made of a heart, and cemented with teares:
Whose parts are as thy hand did frame;
No workmans tool hath touch'd the same
A HEART alone
Is such a stone,
As nothing but
Thy pow'r doth cut.
Wherefore each part
Of my hard heart
Meets in this frame,
To praise thy Name:
That if I chance to hold my peace,
These stones to praise thee may not cease.
O let thy blessed SACRIFICE be mine,
And sanctifie this ALTAR to be thine.



since it's shape echo's the meaning of the verse. It has been noted that it was only eighty years after Herbert's composition that Joseph Addison made the judgment that such a shape poem was "garish and silly." Yet Herbert was a man of an earlier century and really another era. Up until the sixteenth century the western European view of the world was characterized by what Michel Foucault has called the "doctrine of signatures" described below:

Up to the end of the sixteenth century, resemblance played a constructive role in the knowledge of Western culture. It was resemblance that largely guided exegesis and the interpretation of texts; it was resemblance that organized the play of symbols, made possible knowledge of things visible and invisible, and controlled the art of representing them. (Michel Foucault, The Order of Things, p. 17, (New York: Vintage Books, 1970))

No wonder that Addison could not appreciate Herbert's shape poems. Addison had actually entered the eighteenth century, while Herbert's style reflected that of the sixteenth century. With such a poetic device there was a complementary resemblance between the form of the text and the theme of the poem. In The Altar there even seems to be an internal visible structure that complements the externally implied meaning. When we isolate the capitalized words from the poem we see the poetic theme in outline form.


 

ALTAR
HEART
SACRIFICE
ALTAR



It has been said that George Herbert's poems are actually a record of his private devotional life. Thus the altar metaphor should provide insight to his personal relationship to God. The most elementary Biblical definition of an altar is as follows: A structure for offering a sacrifice to worship and serve God. To "reare" a structure is to raise it up on end which is far more difficult when it is "broken." This brokenness appears to be an expression of a heart felt sense of inadequacy. In line two we learn that the metaphorical altar is actually the poet's heart. A servant often is called upon to render service to his Lord in spite of personal pain, and so he attends to the task with tears. Yet there is reason to believe that this servant recognizes the need to bind together his brokenness using tears as the binding cement. Tears are often the metaphorical binding element in personal relationships. A funeral is a time to mourn the loss of a loved one, but also the time to cement together the lives of those who care enough to weep with us. This calls to mind the shortest verse in the Bible expressed at the grief of Mary for the death of her brother Lazarus. It is simply recorded that, "Jesus wept" (John 11:35). Herbert, with tears like Mary, "reares" the altar of his heart to his Lord. The tone of these introductory lines is one of emotional brokenness.

A heart is something created by God with natural inclinations, desires, and passions. This led the psalmist to say, "I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made" (Psalm 139:14). Only the hand of God can frame a man. In contrast to this conception of the heart is the word "workman" in which is compounded the idea of man's work. Herbert's altar has not been framed by the work of man's tools. Some of Herbert's ideas on the nature of an altar seem to be an allusion to, and interpretation of certain Old Testament ideas. One of the first incidents associated with an altar was the murder of Abel by his brother Cain. One of the direct descendants of Cain was Tubal-Cain, "who forged all kinds of tools out of bronze and iron" (Genesis 4:22). The stigma associated with Cain's faithless offering was passed on to his descendants who symbolically continued his self righteous work through their tools. Therefore, when God later gave a commandment concerning the making of altars he sought to make it evident that true worship was based on faith and not the works of man.
'If you make an altar of stones for me, do not build it with dressed stones, for you will defile it if you use a tool on it.' (Exodus 20:25)
Herbert is not a "self made man" and thus, he offered up what God had already made.

The stone described by Herbert was a homely metaphor familiar to everyone of his time. A stone may be large or small, heavy or light, hot or cold, but whatever else it may be, it is dead. This understanding would also be true for the Old and New Testament scriptures. The Biblical view was that after The Fall, man's spiritual heart was dead like a stone. The heart was originally conceived to be alive to the will of God, but through Adam's sin it died. There is a paradox that it was with such a broken and dead stone that Herbert sought to build an altar for worship. And further, it is with the heart that God required true worship. Therefore, the heart desired by God can not be one natural to man, but one cut by the hand of God. The paradox was resolved by God as promised in the scriptures.
I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit in you; I will remove from you your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh. And I will put my Spirit in you and move you to follow my decrees and be careful to keep my laws. (Ezekiel 36: 26,27)

Only God's power can "cut" a true heart.
In lines nine through sixteen there is a change of tone which can be called trusting hope. This change is due to his confidence that God can change his heart. Herbert realizes that the parts of his once "hard heart" are still the same, but now they are directed toward a new end. The heart's natural parts now meet in his unified frame to praise the name of God. The frame metaphor probably should be understood as descriptive of his personal makeup. Herbert finally extends his stone metaphor to the place where he has fulfilled the symbolic words of Christ concerning the stones. That is to say, we may have an allusion to the words of Christ at his Triumphant entry to Jerusalem. At that time when the "crowd of disciples began joyfully to praise God in loud voices for all the miracles they had seen ... some of the Pharisees in the crowd said to Jesus, "Teacher, rebuke your disciples!" Jesus replied, "if they keep quiet, the stones will cry out" (Luke 17:37-40). So it was with Herbert. If he happened to hold back the words that should rightfully glorify God the previously stony parts of his heart would rise up to praise Him who changed them.
The Lord will look with favor on a man's offering if it is one from the heart. This is beautifully illustrated by David in his penitential psalm.
The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; a broken and contrite heart, O God, you will not despise. (Psalm 51:17)

Brokenness of spirit is the opposite of worldly pride. Jesus said, "Blessed are the poor in spirit for theirs is the kingdom of heaven" (Matthew 5:3). Such a humble life will be in fullest possible submission to God. Therefore the kind of sacrifice that God desires and that which He will bless is a life in submission to the will of God. The apostle Paul explained the ultimate goal of Biblical sacrifice.

Therefore, I urge you, brothers, in view of God's mercy, to offer your bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God--this is your spiritual act of worship. Do not conform any longer to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what God's will is--his good, pleasing and perfect will. (Romans 12:1,2)
With such devotion Herbert is faithfully expectant that God will sanctify the altar of his heart. God can and will set apart a life that is in submission to Him as though it were His very own. The altar metaphor has indeed provided insight to George Herbert's personal relationship to God.

[مرشدة مغرورة]

الباقي بنزله اذا جيت من الكلية ان شاء الله

[hopeful]

شكراً جزيييلاً مرشدة جزاك الله الف خيييير

[Princess Sara]

بنات ملزمة الفكر حق شمس الدين صديقتي تقول بمكتبة الفجر مافي الا ملزمة لميا تتوقعون نفسها؟؟

[مرشدة مغرورة]

Who are the metaphysical poets?

The metaphysical poets were a small group of English lyric poets of the 17th century who had similar styles and concerns. Their fresh and sophisticated approach to the writing of lyrics was marked by an intellectual quality and an inventive and subtle style, with the use of the metaphysical conceit (a figure of speech that employs unusual and paradoxical images). Of this group of poets the work of only two will be covered in this short course: John Donne (1572-1631) and Andrew Marvell (1621-1628). Some of the others were Crashaw, Cleveland, Cowley and Vaughan.
The term "metaphysical poets" was first used by Samuel Johnson (1744), who said that "the metaphysical poets were men of learning, and to show learning was their whole endeavour." He also said of their poetry that "the most heterogeneous ideas are yoked by violence together; nature and art are ransacked for illustrations, comparisons, and allusions…."
Donne, regarded as one of the chief poetic innovators among the metaphysical poets, was reacting against the 16th century (Elizabethan) love lyrics, which embodied courtly-love conventions which idealized women. Donne did not use the sonnet form for his love lyrics - a significant break with the tradition found in earlier poets such as Sidney and Spenser. He used colloquial language, he abandoned (and sometimes satirized) the courtly mode and focused on individual experience in a way that offered a less static notion of love than many previous poets. However, his view is often a somewhat egotistical view, with the stress on male ownership of women, defining "maleness" against "femaleness" and suggesting the primacy of the man rather than an equal partnership in love. In a sense, the achievement of Donne was to resituate the love poem outside the boundaries of the palace, as it were - that is, outside the courtly tradition. Sanders speaks of Donne's poetry in terms of "the self-exploratory role-playing and the swaggering behind a defensive mask; the perfection of art bordering upon human nullity; the treacherous manipulation of irony and the spectacle of the ironist betrayed" (50).
For centuries Catholicism had dictated both secular and religious values throughout Europe, but the Reformation had offered a different, Protestant, view of the world, and the metaphysical poets were helping to establish this view. Seventeenth-century metaphysical lyricists wrote as though they were turning new ground, and their individual style developed partly in response to the task of situating the English lyric more firmly within the relatively new tradition of Protestantism.
The emphasis on individual experience mentioned above in relation to love poetry was also an important element of Protestant religious experience. The religious controversies in England (and elsewhere) revolved around matters of the individual conscience in religious matters, as opposed to the supremacy of the Church's authority.
In the work of a key metaphysical poet such as Donne religious poetry and love poetry were not mutually exclusive, and each might contain elements of the other. According to the twentieth-century poet TS Eliot, this reflected the more flexible cultural pattern of Donne's time. Eliot calls this new fragmented sense of life "the dissociation of sensibility", when "the integration of thought and feeling began to disappear from literature" as well. As Eliot says,
thought to Donne was an experience: it modified his sensibility...
the ordinary man [today]... falls in love, or reads Spinoza, and these
two experiences have nothing to do with each other, or with the noise
of the typewriter or the smell of cooking; in the mind of the poet these
experiences are always forming new wholes.
(The Metaphysical Poets, 287)
Not surprisingly, the themes of rebellion and instability are prominent in 17th century English poetry. Many of the metaphysical poets wrote against the backdrop of revolutionary political developments: continuous internal conflict, the impeachment and beheading (1649) of King Charles I, and the Civil War which followed this and produced, for a while, a radically changed form of government which excluded kingship (1642-1660).
Andrew Marvell (1621-1678), another of the Metaphysical poets, in 1657 was appointed as an assistant to the blind Latin secretary for the Commonwealth, John Milton (who wrote Paradise Lost, which you will be reading during your English 278 course). Milton supported the beheading of the King and the establishment of the Commonwealth under Cromwell. After the restoration of kingship in 1660, Marvell helped to save Milton from jail. Most of Marvell's poetry was published after his death, by a woman who was probably his housekeeper. " Playful, casual, and witty in tone, always light on its metrical feet and exact in its diction, Marvell's verse displays depth and intellectual hardness in unexpected places; its texture is extraordinarily rich" (M.H. Abrams, "Andrew Marvell", p. 1415)
The 17th century was a fruitful period for the lyric, both secular and religious. During this time, the lyric developed into a highly polished, formalized, self-conscious, self -questioning form which subverted and played with the courtly conventions (remember, the court had, for a while, disappeared), while also providing fertile soil for innovative poetic exploration.
Note: Critics often make a distinction between the poet and the persona/ speaker in a poem, since we cannot usually assume that the persona's thoughts and experience are those of the poet. However, this distinction becomes a difficult one to make when dealing with some lyric poetry.
Sources:
Abrams, M.H., "Andrew Marvell", The Norton Anthology of English Literature (New York: Norton, 1993).
Eliot, T.S., "The Metaphysical Poets", Selected Essays, London: Faber, 1951.
Parfitt, George. English Poetry of the Seventeenth Century. London: Longman, 1992.
Sanders, Wilbur. John Donne's Poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971.

[مرشدة مغرورة]

How To Read A Metaphysical Poem:

What Do You Need To Know before you set for the Exam?

1/ What is a metaphysical poem?
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////

The term "metaphysical" when applied to poetry has a long and interesting history. You should know this, but the information in Helen Gardner's Introduction to The Metaphysical Poets (Penguin)is more than adequate. Luckily, you have no time in an exam for a lengthy discussion. The examiner wants to see you discuss the text.

Metaphysical poetry is concerned with the whole experience of man, but the intelligence, learning and seriousness of the poets means that the poetry is about the profound areas of experience especially - about love, romantic and sensual; about man's relationship with God - the eternal perspective, and, to a less extent, about pleasure, learning and art.

Metaphysical poems are lyric poems. They are brief but intense meditations, characterized by striking use of wit, irony and wordplay. Beneath the formal structure (of rhyme, metre and stanza) is the underlying (and often hardly less formal) structure of the poem's argument. Note that there may be two (or more) kinds of argument in a poem. In To His Coy Mistress the explicit argument (Marvell's request that the coy lady yield to his passion) is a stalking horse for the more serious argument about the transitoriness of pleasure. The outward levity conceals (barely) a deep seriousness of intent. You would be able to show how this theme of carpe diem (“seize the day”) is made clear in the third section of the poem.

Reflections on love or God should not be too hard for you. Writing about a poet's technique is more challenging but will please any examiner. Giving some time to each (where the task invites this), while ending on technique would be ideal.

Here are some suggestions as to how to look at the detail of individual poems under a very broad heading.

Love in the poems:

In Marvell we find the pretence of passion (in To His Coy Mistress) used as a peg on which to hang serious reflections on the brevity of happiness. The Definition of Love is an ironic game - more a love of definition let loose; the poem is cool, lucid and dispassionate, if gently self-mocking. So you can move on to Donne, in whom passionate sexual love is examined with vigour and intensity. There are far too many suitable poems to consider all in detail, but The Good-Morrow, The Sunne Rising and The Anniversarie belong together, while A Nocturnall, upon S. Lucie's Day gives the other side of the coin. There is positive celebration of life in The Good Morrow and the others, while in the Nocturnall we have the examination of complex negativity.

In A Valediction, Forbidding Mourning the argument is not logically persuasive, but the cleverness and subtlety of Donne's method are diverting - an intelligent woman might be comforted. She cannot change the fact of the lover's going, but the poem is evidence of the integrity of the love he has professed hitherto.

Both Herbert and Vaughan address man's love of God, while Herbert, and Marvell (Bermudas), consider God's love of man. Herbert considers man's duty to God in The Collar and The Pearl as does Marvell in The Coronet.

Eternity and man's life in the context of this, is the explicit subject of all of Vaughan's poems in the selection, but is considered by Herbert in The Flower and, in a wholly secular manner, by Marvell in To His Coy Mistress.

In terms of the whole poetry of these four, this small selection accurately reflects the arguably narrow preoccupation of Herbert and Vaughan with religious questions, and the great variety of Marvell.

The selection only of love poems is partly misleading in Donne's case. He wrote a great deal of devotional verse, much of it very good, but his most striking achievements are in the Songs and Sonets. Herbert, of course, is not narrow - he is concerned with man's whole life in relation to God. Vaughan is more problematic - his preoccupation with his own salvation and his conviction that most of mankind is damned are less attractive qualities. He is fanatical where Herbert is tolerant.

2/ The poems' arguments
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Looking at the poets' technique should, perhaps, begin with a consideration of argument. In a way all of the poems have an argument, but it is interesting or striking in some more than others.

To His Coy Mistress - the light and the serious arguments in one; the structure "Had we ..." "But ..." "Now therefore ...";

A Valediction Forbidding Mourning - the structure "As ... so" "But ... But" "Therefore" "Such wilt thou be to me ..." and the similarity to this of The Definition of Love (but there are big differences, too);

The World - various follies depicted, with the solution to the supposed puzzle in the final stanza;

Bermudas and The Collar - both use a dramatic form: the puritan sailors' song or the outburst of the rebellious Christian;

The Flower is dramatic, too, but embodies a kind of parable: Herbert sustains both the metaphor and the idea of the speaker as the Christian “Everyman”, examining his relationship with God;

Discipline - the severity of God's wrath is mirrored in the taut, cramped lines - compare this with the “disordered” lines of The Collar.

3/ Imagery
/////////////////

You can also consider the imagery used by the poets. Do NOT become bogged down in discussion of single images, such as the notorious “twin compasses” in A Valediction Forbidding Mourning.

Consider, rather, the whole range of sources of imagery each uses. Broadly speaking, Donne is eclectic (wide-ranging) and apparently obscure. He did not write for publication, but showed poems to friends whom he supposed to be well-read enough to understand these references. Donne's imagery draws on the new (in the late 16th century) learning of the English renaissance and on topical discoveries and exploration. We find references to alchemy, sea-voyages, mythology and religion (among many other things). Certain images or ideas recur so often as to seem typical: kingship and rule; subjectivism ("one little room an everywhere" "nothing else is"); alchemy - especially the mystical beliefs associated with elixir and quintessence - and cosmology, both ancient and modern (references both to spheres and to the world of "sea-discoverers").

Herbert's imagery, by way of contrast, draws on the everyday and familiar; reason is like "a good huswife", spirit is measured in "drammes" and God's grace is a "silk twist", suffering is a harvest of thorns or blood-letting, Paradise is a garden where winter never comes, severity is a rod and love is God's bow or the host at a banquet. It will be seen, however, that many of these images are found in Christ's teaching, while others (or the same ones) may have acquired religious connotations. The reference to "thorn" and "bloud" in The Collar ironically seem to ignore the conventional religious symbolism of these terms.

Vaughan uses imagery almost exclusively from the natural world which is apprehended with a delight notably absent from his perception of most other people. The clue to this lies in The Retreate where Vaughan notes that "shadows of eternity" were seen by him in natural phenomena such as clouds or flowers. These images are readily understood and beautiful as with the flown bird and the star liberated from the Tomb. With Marvell, imagery is more problematic. Unlike Donne who scatters metaphors freely, Marvell is more selective and sparing. Very often the image is more memorable and striking than the idea it expresses, as with the "deserts of vast eternity", while frequently one finds an idea which cannot be understood except as the image in which Marvell expresses it, as with the "green thought in a green shade". In any case, with all of these poets, the use of metaphor serves, and is subordinate to, the total argument.

You should not leave the subject of technique without considering two poems (Jordan I and The Coronet) in which poetry is itself discussed. Herbert argues for plain-speaking, truth (man's real relationship with God, not a pastoral fiction) and simplicity in a poem in which only the final two lines are simple. Herbert cannot help the cleverness of his verse but time and again concludes poems with praise of simplicity and deprecation of the wit he has just displayed. In The Coronet, Marvell considers whether the poetic skill which has formerly (and culpably) served to praise his "shepherdess" can "redress that Wrong", by weaving a "Chaplet" for Christ.

But, the poet concludes, this is self-deception and vanity, and he ends with a prayer that God will act to remove the "Serpent" (the pursuit, in writing, of the poet's own "Fame" or (self) "Interest" - even if this requires the destruction of Marvell's own ingenious verse - "my curious frame"). In the skilful development of the central metaphor of the garland or "coronet" (appropriate both to the pastoral context and with biblical connotations, especially in associating the temptation to evil with the Serpent lurking in the greenery, Marvell exhibits the complexity, the riddling quality which this poem calls into question, perhaps best shown in the tortuous syntax of the first sentence with its succession of subordinate clauses separating the introductory "When" from the subject and main verb "I seek".

4/ Comparing the poets:
///////////////////////////////////

All the poets, though they occasionally display erudition (learning) write with fairly colloquial voices. The best-known (and, so, frequently-quoted) examples are Donne's pretended outbursts: “I wonder by my troth ...”; “Busy old foole” and “For God's sake hold your tongue ...” However the simple intimate address to the reader - “'Tis the year's midnight” is no less characteristic of speech.

In Herbert we find equally pregnant openings. There are simple introductory statements which turn out not to be so simple: “Love bade me welcome ”(but what is this love, or who?), “I know the wayes of learning ...”; there are questions: “Who sayes that fictions onely ... become a verse?” and tranquil recollections of far from tranquil outbursts: “I struck the board, and cry'd, No more”. And, finally, as Donne addresses his mistress directly, so Herbert speaks, in the second person, to God: “Throw away thy rod” and “How fresh, O Lord ... Are thy returns ... These are thy wonders, Lord of love”.

As in other respects, Marvell exhibits more variety here. We find the second person in To His Coy Mistress. When Donne does this, we can believe, even though his own thoughts are what we learn, that an intimate address to a real woman is intended (in, say, The Good-Morrow, The Anniversarie and, even, A Valediction Forbidding Mourning). But the “Coy Mistress” is conspicuously absent - a mere pretext for Marvell to examine his real subjects - time and the brevity of human happiness.

5/ Themes and subjects:
//////////////////////////////////

As Donne and Herbert do, Marvell writes much about his own ideas, but with less consistency. There is variety and superficial contradiction in the Songs and Sonets but Donne's preoccupation with love is not in doubt. Herbert's devout manner appears consistently in the poems in The Temple, but To His Coy Mistress is not easily reconciled with Bermudas or The Coronet. Marvell in all of these poems writes with lucidity and wit yet there is often an element of detachment - perhaps best shown in the dispassionate clarity and wordplay of The Definition of Love. It is interesting to note that the simplicity of much of Bermudas (essentially a list of God's gifts to the settlers of the islands, though individual lines contain the usual wit - as in the description of the [pine]apples) is explained by the device of making most of the poem a hymn of gratitude, sung by the English sailors.

Though Vaughan's exclusive religious views may repel us, we cannot ignore the clarity and directness of his style. The syntax is easy to the modern ear and unusual vocabulary is rare. He may open with an exclamation: “Happy those early dayes!” or “They are all gone into the world of light!” The simple understatement employed by Herbert is more than matched in The World which has one of the most striking openings of any English poem:

I saw Eternity the other night.

It could be fairly argued that the poem does not wholly succeed in the account, in detail (no poem could!) of the vision of Eternity which follows, but we can see how Vaughan works in the tradition established for poetry by Donne and for devotional verse by Herbert.

6/ Stanzas and poetic form:
///////////////////////////////////////

Donne also establishes a pattern which the others emulate in his use of the stanza. He appears to love variety as a natural embellishment and (to borrow Milton's phrase)“true ornament of verse”. We can see this by comparing poems. The three stanza structure which carries the argument in The Good Morrow is used again in other poems. But the fluency of the stanza in The Good-Morrow leading to the brief penultimate line and final Alexandrine with its stately, measured quality, gives way in The Sunne Rising to a far more lively and varied stanza. The almost breathless colloquial lines are, however, qualified in each stanza by a wholly regular and fluent rhyming couplet which enables Donne to conclude with a rhetorical flourish (note, however, that the final pentameter line is divided - rather on the model of the Alexandrine - after the second iambic foot). In The Anniversarie the whole stanza is more measured and stately and the Alexandrine is restored as the final line. In A Nocturnall Upon S.Lucies Day Donne uses, again, predominantly the pentameter line, yet the whole effect is more laboured than the fluent Good-Morrow. This is achieved by repeated interruptions marked by the punctuation.

Herbert matches Donne for variety in the stanza, but is more aware of the appearance of the poem on the page, as well as the effect on the ear. Poems such as The Altar and Easter Wings are written almost wholly for the sake of appearance. In this selection we should note, especially, The Collar and Discipline. In Discipline the cramped, lean lines reflect the severity which the poet begs God to refrain from using. In The Collar, there is an apparent randomness, a lack of order on the page, which mirrors the disordered outburst the poet here records. the jerky quality which derives from rhetorical questions - frequent use of full-stop, colon and question-mark even in mid-line - gives way only in the final four lines to a fluent conclusion which comes with the poet's account of his submission to the divine pull on the collar.

In many of Marvell's poems we find the same eight-syllable iambic line, yet its effect can vary remarkably. In To His Coy Mistress the vigorousness of the argument appears in the breathless lines - few are end-stopped, and the lines have the rough power of speech.

In The Definition of Love the same line is used, but arranged in four line stanzas. These carry the argument in the same way in which Donne uses this stanza in A Valediction Forbidding Mourning. Unlike Donne, who is prepared to allow some use of enjambement (between first and second stanzas and frequently within all the stanzas) Marvell's stanza here has a near metronomic quality - a punctuation mark at the end of the second line exaggerates the rhyming syllable, which is emphatically matched at the end of the stanza. There is a similar regularity in Bermudas but here, by arranging the lines as rhyming pairs, Marvell conveys something of the sense of the motion of the English boat through the water (as the poem's last line makes clear). This same line is used again, but arranged into eight line stanzas to develop the argument in The Garden, which is less slick but more profound and thoughtful than that in The Definition of Love.

Vaughan feels free to use variety in his stanza. Less spectacularly, perhaps, than Donne, he nonetheless suits form to content. So The Retreate is a fast-moving sustained meditation not divided into stanzas. The more contrived and ordered argument of The World or Man require much longer stanzas, but regular in form, while "They Are All Gone into the World of Light", with its shorter stanza, becomes, in effect, a long series of distinct observations on the poem's single subject.

Most of these comments are very general. Connections have been made which you should now exploit in relation to particular poems. Memorizing the text is not required but you must know your way around the poems. Trying, for the first time, to understand them in an exam is not wise.

It is therefore worth taking a poem, and deciding what you can usefully write about it, in terms of content, technique and points of reference to other poems.



And Now Preparing for exams:
//////////////////////////////////////////////////

Make your own idiot-guides or spider-charts to learn this stuff. Clearly, the greater the number of poems for which you can do this, the stronger will be your position in an exam. Make sure, in doing this, that your chosen poems are varied, in terms of author, subject and technique.

A good essay will contain some detailed analysis of some of the poems, but will show general understanding of all of the set poems unless the question explicitly limits you to a smaller selection.

You may find that a question obliges you to consider the work of each poet, or of all poets in relation to some theme or subject. Do NOT keep commentary on each poem separate; DO make comparisons and move freely between or among the poems.

The time allowed for exams enables you to plan properly; for these poems, planning is indispensable - any essay will require you to write widely; without planning, you will miss important material or points of commentary. Do not waste time labouring (or repeating) a few basic comments.

It Is Important To Follow These Steps:
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Essays which invite you to examine the poets' treatment of a given subject or theme. These may be limited to two or three of the poets.
Possible subjects would include love, religious faith, or (as it includes both of these) the poets' attitude to experience.
The examiners may give a subject which imposes a particular plan, but this is NOT likely. You should have an outline (NOT a prepared essay) of your own, for each possible subject.
Essays which ask what are the special characteristics of "metaphysical poetry". These will appear either as an "open" question ("what makes a metaphysical poem?", in effect) or a quotation, to which you should respond ('" The most heterogeneous ideas are yoked by violence together". How far is this an accurate assessment etc?')
If you have a "quotation" question it is most unlikely that the statement will be one which merits complete agreement or disagreement. You are allowed to qualify your agreement or refutation. N.B. You will never be given a quotation that is stupid or utterly wrong. Generally, they are more or less sensible.
Such essays can work for you, if you know what to do. You should first state what the characteristics of metaphysical poetry are, then illustrate them by consideration of appropriate evidence from the poems. The important tricks here are:

Have a clear list of characteristics, ensuring both content and method are covered.
Introduce evidence by some formula such as "we find this quality in The Garden, where Marvell ..." or "Both Herbert and Vaughan, in their different ways, address this subject in ..."
Ensure that you use a wide range of poets and poems. Where possible, compare, even if briefly, in passing.
Keep your eye on the ball. When you have shown one characteristic to be present (and how), then move on to the next.
Back to top

It is just possible that you may be given a question which requires you explicitly to examine (and compare) technique (the poets' method). You should be doing this, anyway, in a poetry essay, so don't be frightened. But you must before the exam have a clear mental checklist of the characteristics to be considered here.

For all of these poets, the method is closely bound up with the subject and mood, so some comment on these, if you make this point, will be allowed.

If you write about Donne (among others) why not put him last? The examiners will see any number of scripts which will begin with the (admittedly interesting) opening of The Good-Morrow. Don't let yours be among them

[noiselessness]

مرشدة مغرورة الله يعرب يجزاك خير ويوفقك ويسهل أمورك زي ماسهلتي أمورنا

[خيآل انثى]

مرشده الله يجزاك خير يارب
ويوفقك وينجحك ويسهل امورك كلها يارب

[OREO]

السلام عليكمّ

اذا ممكن أحد عنده جدول الأختبارات النهائيه ، ؟

[mannamy]

اللي عندهم اختبار الفكر والثقافة مع شمس الدين الى اي موضوع نذاكر؟

[noiselessness]

بنات ايش هي الميتفيزيكال كاريكترز ماعرفتهم !!!!بلييز اللي تعرف تقولهم

[EGS]

ممكن اعرف بكرا اختبار البوتري لين اي لكتشرر مع حصه الكهلان لووو سمحتوااا ؟

[hopeful]

بنات ايش هي الميتفيزيكال كاريكترز ماعرفتهم !!!!بلييز اللي تعرف تقولهم

بالإختبار قالت لنا اختاري اي ثلاثه واللي انا كتبته هذا:

it talks about relationship between the poet and his God.

It has simple and direct language though its images are strange.

نسيت وش الباقي بس موجودين بالصفحات اللي ورا مع الاشياء اللي حطتهم الإخت "مرشدة مغروره"

[hopeful]

بنات كيف طريقة أسئلة الفكر والثقافه مع د.شمس الدين؟؟؟؟

[Princess Sara]

بنات في اختبار معتذرات حق الفكر ولالا؟؟ هو قال اسألوا القسم في احد سأل؟؟ بليز الله يعافيكم

[Princess Sara]

حذف

[Princess Sara]

اقصد حق شمس الدين مو لمياء

[مرشدة مغرورة]

ممكن اعرف بكرا اختبار البوتري لين اي لكتشرر مع حصه الكهلان لووو سمحتوااا ؟

في الميتافيزيكل و أول ثلاث شعراء مع قصائدهم يعني 5 قصايد

[رغووده]

الي اختبرو مع شمس اليوم كيف اﻻختبار ايش اﻻسئله
مشكوربن

[sigh]

جاب 4 تعاريف تختاري2 منهم 10
الابستيمولوجي
الناتشرلوورد
اللوقو
ايديلزم

و سؤالين اجابتهم سطرين ,سطرين ونص ما اتذكرهم 10

ومقال عن واحد من 2 10
مقارنه بين المنهج التجريبي لارسطو والمثالية لبليتو
او
Don't be ur teacher clone

[رغووده]

وش اللوقو والناتشر ورد

[hopeful]

حذف

[liali]

السلام عليكمّ

اذا ممكن أحد عنده جدول الأختبارات النهائيه ، ؟

up
up

[E-2013]

حذف

[amooosh]

بنات مين عندها مقال مع احمد حسن الاثنين 8 ؟؟؟؟
ابي الايميل اللي ارسل عليه العروض

وكيف قال طريقة الاسئله ؟ :(

[E-2013]

بنات مين عندها مقال مع احمد حسن الاثنين 8 ؟؟؟؟
ابي الايميل اللي ارسل عليه العروض

وكيف قال طريقة الاسئله ؟ :(

essay5627@hotmail.com
pass:
e1234567
بس مارسل شيء الى الان
عن الاختبار قال بيجيب عدة مواضيع نختار منها ولازم نسوي اوت لاين ...
وقال رتبوه بهذي الطريقة
introduction-
-body paragraph:
refutation paragraph
pro. paragraph
pro. paragraph
-conclusion

بالتوفيق دعواتكم..

[amooosh]

essay5627@hotmail.com
pass:
e1234567
بس مارسل شيء الى الان
عن الاختبار قال بيجيب عدة مواضيع نختار منها ولازم نسوي اوت لاين ...
وقال رتبوه بهذي الطريقة
introduction-
-body paragraph:
refutation paragraph
pro. paragraph
pro. paragraph
-conclusion

بالتوفيق دعواتكم..

ال
refutation paragraph
هو اللي اكتب رأيي الشخصي فيه صح؟
والبرو برقراف الرأي الاخر؟؟؟ ولا كيف؟

شكرا لك :106::106:

[mbc fm]

بنات من عندها ايميل اللغويات حق هدى القصبي ؟
وايش الفصول الي ويانا بالاختبار ؟ وايش المحذوف ؟؟

[E-2013]

ال
refutation paragraph
هو اللي اكتب رأيي الشخصي فيه صح؟
والبرو برقراف الرأي الاخر؟؟؟ ولا كيف؟

شكرا لك :106::106:
حتى انا مافهمت بس refutation الراي المعارض وال pro-paragraph الراي المؤيد

essay files
ف المرفقات

[آناستازيآ]

بنات نشأة الرواية مع مس ليلى العقيلي اليوم الاثنين الساعة 12

اخذتو محاضرة؟

[آنسه مشاكل]

بنات مين تدري متى اختبار المعتذرات نشأة روايه!

ولازم عذر طبي عشان اختبر ؟

[مجنونتها]

بنات نشأة الرواية مع مس ليلى العقيلي اليوم الاثنين الساعة 12

اخذتو محاضرة؟

اي اخذنا محاضرة وتكلمت فيها بتوسع اكبر عن رواية جين اير وقالت ان لازم نجيب
معنا كتاب المحاضرة الجاية .. نسبة الغياب كانت كبيرة بالكلاس

بنات مين تدري متى اختبار المعتذرات نشأة روايه!

ولازم عذر طبي عشان اختبر ؟

ماادري متى بس لازم عذر طبي .. أنتي اعطيها عذرك وروحي لها شخصيا
واستفسري منها .. موفقه
:icon19:

[ρĬńҝ]

بنات الله يعافيكم
اللي اختبرت مقال مع د. احمد
تكتب لنا الأسئلة

[جنــــــــــى]

اي تكفون نبي الاسئله والعروض اللي ارسلها بالايميل

[noiselessness]

بنات من تأخذ بوتري عند حصة ايش قالت نحضر لها بعد dailoge between soul and body

[مرشدة مغرورة]

السلاااااااام عليكم

بنات بشااارة غريبة من نوعها

اللي عندها بكرة نشأة رواية مع د.ليلى العقيلي تراااها ملغية ..

[مرشدة مغرورة]

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t410243.html


هذا رااابط فيه كااافة عروض الدكتورة ليلى العقيلي للاستفااادة

ولا تنسون تصومون بكرة عاشورااء

[muwmuw]

بنات اللي اختبروا فكر وثقافه مع لمياء الخميس ممكن تكتبوا الاسلئه ؟اذا ما عليكم امر:mh318:

[دآآآنة الجامعه]

بنات ابي ايميل الترجمه ماعليكم امر؟؟؟

[مجنونتها]

بنات ابي ايميل الترجمه ماعليكم امر؟؟؟

اذا تقصدين ايميل الترجمة مع سلوى الوفائي

translation2013@hotmail.com
password: thirdyear2013

[muwmuw]

بنات اللي اختبروا فكر وثقافه مع لمياء الخميس ممكن تكتبوا الاسلئه ؟اذا ما عليكم امر
???????????????????????????????????????????

[دآآآنة الجامعه]

اذا تقصدين ايميل الترجمة مع سلوى الوفائي

translation2013@hotmail.com
password: thirdyear2013
الله يجزاك خير

[shwashe]

بنات في بكرهه محاضرهه نشاه الروايه ولا لا =(

[Rooodi7]

بنات ابي المحاضرات الخمس جقت نضريه الترجمه لسلوئ وفائي ما يدخل معي الايميل الله يجزاكم خير نزلوها هنا

[EGS]

بنات في بكرهه محاضرهه نشاه الروايه ولا لا =(

ياليت لو احد يعرف يرد ..

[NoorAldnya]

يب فيه محاضرة رواية
انا أرسلت إيميل للمس و ردت علي انه فيه

[sσќɑ̝ян]

بنات ممكن وحده تفهمني الفرق بين limited subject و thesis statement


بمآده ال essay :(269):

[آنسه مشاكل]

مين تعرف متى اختبار المعتذرات نشأة روايه ""(

[ورده ذبلانه]

بنات اللي عندهم اليوم صوتيات خذيتو محاضره ولا

[E-2013]

السلام عليكم
كيف ادخل قروب الياهو مع دكتورة حصة الكهلان لمادة
ادب القرن 17

[soso22]

ايوه اخذنا محاضره الساعه ١٠ و ١٢

[Sanfoor]

اللي اختبر ترجمه مع سلوى الوفائي يعلمنا طريقه الاساله

[مرشدة مغرورة]

^^
أول سؤال تعريف
و ثاني وثالث واحد ترجمة من اللغتين

[Sanfoor]

تعريف الترجمه ؟

[soso22]

بنات وين المحاضرة الاولى لمادة الترجمه
اللي عندها المحاضرة ممكن تنزلها هنا

[مرشدة مغرورة]

Lecture 1]
What is Translation?
The Meaning of Translation as a noun or a verb:
1. The origin of the word „translation‟ is the Latin word „translatus‟ which means „transferred‟.
2. The dictionary meaning of the English verb „to translate‟ is „to express or be capable of being expressed in another language or dialect.
3. In French , it means „traduction‟ as a noun and „a traduire‟ as a verb
4. In Arabic, it means: انتشجمة مه نغة إني أخشى
Simple Definitions of Translation:
1. Catford (1965): defines translation as “the replacement of textual material in one language SL by equivalent textual material in another language TL”.
2. Newmark (1982): defines it as “a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language”.
3. Bell (1991) mentions two views:
 one looks at it as an „art‟ especially when the scholars of last century were preoccupied with the translation of literary text as a pastime;
 And another looks at it as a „profession‟ where the majority of translators are professionals engaged in making a living rather than a pastime. This is mainly clear in the translation of technical, medical, legal and administrative texts.
4. In the present sense of the word, translation is a „generic term used to refer to the process of rendering a text in one language into an equivalent text in another.‟
Advanced Definitions of Translation:
Having taken into account all the developments in Translation Studies during last century, Bell (1991) seems suggest a more comprehensive definition of translation which stress the dimension of semantic and stylistic equivalence in translation:
1. “Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language.”
Another advanced definition of translation is the one introduced by Etchnia Arjona
(Gerver 1977) as follows:
- 3 -
ملتقى طلاب وطالبات جامعه الملك فيصل – اللغة الإنجليزية - المستوى الخامس
Translation theory By DewDrop
2. “Translation is a generic term for the interlingual, sociolinguistic and cultural transfer for any message from one community to another through various modes of written, oral, or mechanical means or combinations thereof.”
How can we achieve Equivalence in Translation?
When we are faced by a text- written or oral in a language we know, we are able to work out its equivalence by looking in to the following:
o The semantic sense of each word and sentence.
o Its communicative value.
o Its place in time and space.
o The information about the participants involved in its production and reception.
Using the Six Wh-Questions in looking for Equivalence in translating a text:
1. What? Is the message contained in the text, the content of the signal, the propositional content of the speech acts.
2. Why? Orients us towards the intentions of the sender, the purpose for which the text was issued.
3. When? Is concerned with the time of communication realised in the text and setting it in its historical context; contemporary or set in recent or remote past or future.
4. How? Is ambiguous as it can refer to:
o a) Manner of delivery: the tenor of the discourse; is it serious or ironic?
o b) Medium of communication; the mode of the discourse: is it oral or written?
5. Where? Is concerned with the place of the communication; the physical location of speech event realised in the text.
6. Who? Refers to the participants involved in the communication; the sender and receiver(s). Both spoken and written reveal the characteristics of the speaker or writer as an individual.
What is a Good Translation?
According to Bell, a good translation is “that in which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language, as to be as distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a native of the country to which that language belongs, as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.”
- 4 -
ملتقى طلاب وطالبات جامعه الملك فيصل – اللغة الإنجليزية - المستوى الخامس
Translation theory By DewDrop
Three Laws of Good Translation:
As a result of the above good definition of translation, the following three laws emerge from it:
1. That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.
2. That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.
3. That the Translation should have all the ease of the original composition.
Translation as process and product
A more advanced definition of translation can be seen when we look
at it as process and product. In other words: “It is the abstract concept which encompasses both the process of translation and the product of that process”.
o Translating: is the process i.e. (to translate; it is the activity rather than the tangible object).
o A Translation: is the product of the process of translating (i.e. the translated text).
- 5 -
ملتقى طلاب وطالبات جامعه الملك فيصل – اللغة الإنجليزية - المستوى الخامس
Translation theory By DewDrop
Lecture 2
What is Translation?
Communication Versus Translation:
o All communicators are translators, because they receive signals in speech and in writing containing messages encoded in a communication system which is not identical with their own.
o All communicators tend to face the same problems as those of translators, because they need to read the text, make sense of a text. They need to deconstruct it and then reconstruct it.
o Therefore, we can say that any model of communication is a model of translation.
What is the difference between a normal communicator and a Translator?
When taking a turn as a sender, the monolingual is obliged to: The Translator's acts contrast on that:
a) Encode into the language used by the sender.
a) The encoding consists of re-encoding into a different language.
b) Encode messages which are different from those received.
b) Concerns the same message as was Received.
c) And transmit them to the previous sender.
c) It is aimed at a group receivers who are not the same as the original sender.
It is the re-encoding process which marks the bilingual translator off from the monolingual communicator.
How important are memory, meaning and language to the Translator?
Like other communicators, translators need excellent memory to enable them use the semantic knowledge, syntactic knowledge and rhetorical knowledge of two different languages and two different cultures:
o Memory: contains „records‟ of past experiences has plans for action on the basis of what we know and what we have done.
o Language: much of our experience of the external world of the senses and the inner world of the mind is mediated by language.
Translators must be good at storing experiences in memory, and at retrieving those experiences whenever needed to solve complex translation problems.
- 6 -
ملتقى طلاب وطالبات جامعه الملك فيصل – اللغة الإنجليزية - المستوى الخامس
Translation theory By DewDrop
How does a translator move from one language to another in the course of translation?
When translating a written communication, the translator go through the following nine steps:
1. Translator receives signal 1 containing message
2. Recognises code 1
3. Decodes signal 1
4. Retrieves message
5. Comprehend message
6. Translator selects code 2
7. Encodes message by means of code 2
8. Select channel
9. Transmits signal 2 containing message.
What does the translator‟s knowledge-base contain?
A professional translator has access to five distinct kinds of knowledge:
 Target Language knowledge (TL)
 Text-Type knowledge
 Source Language knowledge (SL)
 Subject-area knowledge
 And contrastive knowledge
What does the translator‟s communicative competence consist of?
The translator communicative competences consists of the following components:
 Grammatical competence: knowledge of the rules of the code, including vocabulary and word formation, pronunciation/spelling and sentence structure.
 Sociolinguistic Competence: knowledge of and ability to produce and understand utterances appropriately in context, i.e. as constrained by topic, the status of the participant, purpose of the interaction, etc.
 Discourse competence: The ability to combine form and meaning to achieve a unified spoken or written texts in different genres. This unity depends on cohesion in form (i.e. the way in which utterances are linked structurally to facilitate interpretation of text) and coherence in meaning (i.e. the relationships among the different meanings in a text, literal meaning, communicative function or social meaning)
 Strategic competence: the mastery of communication strategies which may be used to improve communication or to compensate for breakdowns in actual communication.
- 7 -
ملتقى طلاب وطالبات جامعه الملك فيصل – اللغة الإنجليزية - المستوى الخامس
Translation theory By DewDrop
What are the primary characteristics of a good translator?
The following are just a few of the primary characteristics of a good translator:
 A Translator thinks and talks about translation from inside the process, knowing how it‟s done, possessing a practical real-world sense of the problems involved.
 Reliability: He acts in reliable ways delivering reliable translation by deadlines.
 Timeliness: He should be timely, in the sense of not getting the translation arrive past the time of its usefulness or value.
 Ethics: He should be ethical. In other words, it is unethical for the translator to distort the meaning of the source text.
 Speed: A translator should be able to know when to speed and when to not to seeped. This depends on the following factors:
1) Typing speed 2) The level of text difficulty
3) Personal preferences or style 4) Job stress, general mental state.
 Memory: A Translator must be good at storing experiences in memory and retrieving those experiences whenever needed to solve complex translation problems.
 Professional Pride: a Translator should have a professional integrity and professional self-esteem in what he/she does. He should feel that the job he is doing is important and people appreciate his work.
 A Translator can write plainly, economically, gracefully, elegantly in a repertoire of registers, factual as well as emotional, popular as well as technical, official as well as slan[/INDENT]g.

[مرشدة مغرورة]

أنت تبعي بالملزمة و كملي عليه و بالتوفيق

[soso22]

تسلمين يا حياتي
جعلك ماتحملين ولا مادة :(306):

[smile2013]

.

[toni]

ممكن lecture 5 الي عندها تحطها والله يوفقكم جميع

[مرشدة مغرورة]

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=23842&d=1319218347


هذي الملزمة كااااااااااااااااااااااااااملة مكملة للترجمة و بالتوفيق للكل

[دآآآنة الجامعه]

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=23842&d=1319218347


هذي الملزمة كااااااااااااااااااااااااااملة مكملة للترجمة و بالتوفيق للكل

ياعمري الله يجزاك خير فرجتي همي

[رغووده]

اختبار الشبكه للثقافه والفكر بكرة وﻻ تاجل ؟
الله يسعدها الي ترد عليه دنيا واخرة

[رغووده]

اقصد مع دكتور شمس الدين

[miss rawan]

بنات تعريف الترجمه أي واحد نحفظ :(

[AL-anood sh]

بنات كيف طريقة اسالت د. سلوى في نظرية الترجمة


و شنو واجب الفونولوجي عند د. اميمه شعبة الثلاثاء الصبح

[خيآل انثى]

بنات اختبار النحو والصرف يوم الخميس عند د امل الصيخان الى اي صفحة الاختبار ؟

[sσќɑ̝ян]

morpheme - process of word formation- inflectional paradigms

هذي الجزئيه اللي معانا

[E-2013]

Bildungsroman
Gothic Novel and its elements
Wide Sargasso Sea plot and author
Cinderella theme
Postcolonial theory in Jane Eyre
Realism in Jane Eyre

السلام عليكم ,, ايش المواضيع اللي قالت لنا دكتورة ليلى العقيلي نبحث فيها من اللي فوق^ ^

[sσќɑ̝ян]

للي سالتني عن النحو والصرف syntax :

جزئيه inflectional paradigms الى صفحه 158 ( the comparable paradigm )

يعني موب كله معنا _ ^

[top-soso]

مابديت بالسنتاكس للحين علئ امل اجازه :d

[A.A.O]

السلام عليكم ..
بنات تعرفون كيف طريقة الاسئلة في السنتاكس بكرا ؟

[مرشدة مغرورة]

bildungsroman
gothic novel and its elements
wide sargasso sea plot and author
cinderella theme
postcolonial theory in jane eyre
realism in jane eyre

السلام عليكم ,, ايش المواضيع اللي قالت لنا دكتورة ليلى العقيلي نبحث فيها من اللي فوق^ ^

هذي تبحثين عنها و بتجي المحاضرة الجاية وتسأل و أنت جاوبي من الورقة عادي وتعطيك درجة مشاركة

[sσќɑ̝ян]

ب السينتاكس قالت الدكتوره بتجيب تعاريف ومقارنات بين التعاريف نكتب كل شى نعرفه + مثال

وامم قالت بتجيب امثله ونكتب اهي من اي نوع

[BE OPTIMISTIC]

بنااااات ت

[A.A.O]

اختبار السنتاكس تأجل ..بكرا محاضرة مافي اختبار

[BE OPTIMISTIC]

بنااااات ترى اختبار المورفولجي تأجل للأسبوع الجاي

[دآآآنة الجامعه]

بنااااات ترى اختبار المورفولجي تأجل للأسبوع الجاي

كيف عرفتوا

[دآآآنة الجامعه]

خلاص يسلمو ع التنبيه جاي ع البلاك بورد

[sσќɑ̝ян]

ع البلاك بورد

[noiselessness]

بنات واجب مس ليلى العقيلي قالت عليه درجات مشاركة وإلا بس تحضير عادي

[Princess Sara]

بنات صوتيات شعبة الثلاثاء والاربعاء مع اميمة ايش الواجب؟؟ ومتى نجيبه ؟؟ فتحت البلاكبورد مافي شي!

[liali]

بنات واجب مس ليلى العقيلي قالت عليه درجات مشاركة وإلا بس تحضير عادي

تقصدين المواضيع اللي نبحث عنها

[آنسه مشاكل]

بنات , مين تعرف مدرسه خصوصية تدرس صوتيات , ضروري ..

والدكتوره اميمه تكلمت عن اختبار الفونولوجي ؟

[مرشدة مغرورة]

^^

اختبار الفونولوجي قبل النهائي بأسبوعين

و قبل النهائي بأسبوع الميك أب

[جامعيه 2010]

بنات صوتيات شعبة الثلاثاء والاربعاء مع اميمة ايش الواجب؟؟ ومتى نجيبه ؟؟ فتحت البلاكبورد مافي شي!

نفس السؤال ???

[noiselessness]

نفس السؤال ايش واجب الفونتيكس

[مرشدة مغرورة]

نعععععععععععععععم بناااااااااااااات تكفون ايش واااجب الفونولوجي ,, أنا أذكر قالت جيبو 5 أمثلة من وفيه هالمصطلحات ما أعرف أيهم أختاااار " الشوا - الفاول - السيلابلز و السترس "

فاللي تذكر بالضبط ايش كانت تبي تعلمنا الله يجزاها الجنة

[مرشدة مغرورة]

فيه وحدة سألتها بالتوتير قالت : strong and weak syllables

افتحي القموس و طلعي مثل الأمثلة اللي بالعرض , لكل مثال 5 كلمات ..

و ان شاااااااء الله يطلع صح !

[noiselessness]

بنات شعبة الأحد فونتيكس عند أميمة اخذنا الستريسس المحاضرة اللي نزلتها اليوم

[E-2013]

السلام عليكم ايش هو واجب الاساي لمجموعة الاثنين مع دكتور احمد حسن؟؟

[مرشدة مغرورة]

اعلان للدكتورة سلوى الوفائي


Dear Students in the third year - Level 5 - Theory of Translation
You are required to do a project as follows

- Select a short story in English that you like
- Translate it into good Arabic
- Type your translation on Computer
- Submit a copy of the short story and of its translation to me
- Write your name in Arabic clearly on the cover page, write your section, Sunday or Tuesday, or Wednesday.

In case the short story is long you can share it with other colleagues, Each one should translate at least two pages.
You can discuss your translation with your colleagues for a proof reading and correcting mistakes of translation.

Prepare a checklist for revising your translation as follows

- Check for Typing errors
- Check for grammatical mistakes
-Check for Punctuation
-Check for Accuracy of Meanings
- Check for good structure and style

Font size should be 14
Times New Romans, أبجد هوز

Final Date for Submission is on the 15th of December

[smile2013]

ممكن تويتر د اميمة

[noiselessness]

بنات شعبة الأحد عند أميمة فونتيكس أخذتها الstress

[sσќɑ̝ян]

بنااااااااااااات احد حل واجب الصوتيات لاميمه .. قسم ضايعه مدري وش تبي بالضبط :(

[amooosh]

بنات مين حضر نشأة الرواية الخميس اللي فات مع ليلى العقيلي؟
قالت فيه كويز هالأسبوع ولا لا؟

[أم كـشهـ]

السلام عليكم

من يدرس لغويات عند هدى

ايش الواجب!!

[E-2013]

لا بس فيه واجب
تقرين رواية جاين اير +وايد سيرقاسو سي ولازم تجيبين النص معك في المحاضره يالكتاب او كتاب اليكتروني
نظرية feminism , Colonial تطلعين امثله عليهم من الروايتين وقالت لا تجيبون من النت تبي من مجهودنا الخاص والاسبوع اللي بعده كويز ع رواية Jane Eyre بس قالت نذاكره بطريقة نقدية مو narrative

وبالتوفيق دعواتكم

[E-2013]

السلام عليكم ايش هو واجب الاساي لمجموعة الاثنين مع دكتور احمد حسن؟؟
up

[hopeful]

بنااااااااااااات احد حل واجب الصوتيات لاميمه .. قسم ضايعه مدري وش تبي بالضبط :(

حتى انا بنات ساعدوني مب فاهمه ايييي شييييي وحتى البلاك بورد مايفتح عندي فـ أحتاج أحد يدلّني من وين أفهم المنهج وكيف أحل الهوم ورك
فرّجوا عليّ اللله يفرررج عليكم همومكم

[مرشدة مغرورة]

طلعو 5 أمثلة من القاموس على الشوا و جزأيتها من عرض الويك آند ستونج سيلابلز اللي نزلتها الدكتورة بالبلاك بورد

و بسسسسسس

[amooosh]

بنات مين طلعت الواجب لنشأة الرواية مع ليلى؟؟ مافهمته :/
وتبيه على اوراق ولا كيف؟

[مرشدة مغرورة]

^^

اذا على البوست كولونيول والفيمنيزم عادي على أوراق ,,

محاضرة الأحد قرأو من الأوراق ومن الرواية و من الجوالات و عادي أي شيء

و أهم شيء انك تشرحين مو بس كوتينشن

[amooosh]

حذف

[مرشدة مغرورة]

كل الروااااااية معنا برايد آند بريجيدس و جين آير و سارقوسي سي ,,

أنت على مسؤوليتك تقرأينهم و طبعاً الأمثلة تبيهم من أي الروايتين الأخيرة ,, عااادي .

[amooosh]

كل الروااااااية معنا برايد آند بريجيدس و جين آير و سارقوسي سي ,,

أنت على مسؤوليتك تقرأينهم و طبعاً الأمثلة تبيهم من أي الروايتين الأخيرة ,, عااادي .

شكرررا:004::004:

[hopeful]

بنااات بليز الله يعافيكم وش قصّة هوم وررك د.ليلى نشأة الروايه ؟؟؟ ما فهمت يعني نقرا ونشرح زي البريدينتيشن وايش نقرا أصلاً؟ انا من زمان ما حظرت لضروف صحيه ودخلت هينا وتفاجئت ... الله يجزاكم خيو فهموني :( 3/>

[hopeful]

من كلامكم عن هوم ورك نشأة الرواية فهمت انه ما نسلمه بس بتسألنا ومب كلنا بعد ....
ياربيه ما ودي اتفشل احد يرد :(

[amooosh]

من كلامكم عن هوم ورك نشأة الرواية فهمت انه ما نسلمه بس بتسألنا ومب كلنا بعد ....
ياربيه ما ودي اتفشل احد يرد :(

تقرأين رواية جين اير أو وايد سارقاسو سي وتطلعين منها اقتباسات تدل على الفيمينزم ثيري او البوست كولونيال ثيري
ابدي اقريها من الحين لانها طويله.. او شوفي الفيلم

[nooni-s]

بنات قروب الشعر مع د/ حصه الكهلان كيف قدرتوا تشتركون بالقروب ؟

قالت لنا الاربعاء عنه ولا قدرت اشترك فيه ماعرفت :(

[shwashe]

بنات اللي مع نظريه الترجمه الاحد اللي راح ايش اخذتوو بليييز ردوو وفي واجب او شي نحضررهه ولا لا =|

[السنة التعجيزية]

بنات قروب الشعر مع د/ حصه الكهلان كيف قدرتوا تشتركون بالقروب ؟

قالت لنا الاربعاء عنه ولا قدرت اشترك فيه ماعرفت :(


شوفي أول شي لازم يكون عندك ايميل yahoo

"هوتميل او غيره ماينفع"

ثانيا روحي ل هالصفحه وسجلي دخولك

http://groups.yahoo.com/neo

اكتبي بالبحث kahlanpoetry

و اشتركي عندها

بعدها راح توصلك على ايميلك المحتويات اللي هي تنزلها

وبس:icon19:

[nooni-s]

شوفي أول شي لازم يكون عندك ايميل yahoo

"هوتميل او غيره ماينفع"

ثانيا روحي ل هالصفحه وسجلي دخولك

http://groups.yahoo.com/neo

اكتبي بالبحث kahlanpoetry

و اشتركي عندها

بعدها راح توصلك على ايميلك المحتويات اللي هي تنزلها

وبس:icon19:

شككرا لك كنت اسويها من الايباد ولا ضبط معي

بس لما سويته من اللاب ضبط وجتني الايميلات .

[LBA.2LBEE]

فيه محاضره لحصه شعر الساعه ٨ بكرا ولا الغتها ؟

[$ زازا $]

بنات الله يعافيكم من تعرف اذا فية محاضرة عند دكتورة حصة الكهلان

[Fatiy]

بنات من حضرت محاضرة المقال د.فوزيه يوم الخميس ؟؟وعطتكم واجب والا لا؟؟وعطتكم درجات الاختبار ؟

[$ زازا $]

بنات اللي عندها البسجيز اللي قرأتها دكتورة ليلي في رواية جين اير بليزز تكتب الصفحة و بداية البسج واكون شاكرة لها
:icon19: :love080:

[EGS]

بنات مع د. فوزية زكي يوم الخميس الساعه 12 .. متى اختبا ر الميدتيرم ؟؟؟

[2014]

البنت (....) الي اخذت الرواية
sargasso sea

من دليلي
ممكن تنزليها في كتبة داراليسر او الفجر .

[2014]

بنات اللي عندها البسجيز اللي قرأتها دكتورة ليلي في رواية جين اير بليزز تكتب الصفحة و بداية البسج واكون شاكرة لها
:icon19: :love080:



up

[مرشدة مغرورة]

بناااات بكرة فيه محاااضرة نهائية " أخيرة " مع د حصة الكهلان للي كانو معها الساعة 10 بوقت النشااط ,,

كل الشعب على قولتها ,, و بالنسبة للقاع قالت بكرة بندور قاعة فاااضية , ونقعد فيها .. و سلامتكم

[مرشدة مغرورة]

up

و أنا أتمنى بمكتبة العلوم :004::004::004::004:

[LMo0o]

بناااات بكرة فيه محاااضرة نهائية " أخيرة " مع د حصة الكهلان للي كانو معها الساعة 10 بوقت النشااط ,,

كل الشعب على قولتها ,, و بالنسبة للقاع قالت بكرة بندور قاعة فاااضية , ونقعد فيها .. و سلامتكم

هذي اي ماده ؟؟ الرومنسي ؟؟

[Princess Sara]

بنات ايش واجب الفكر والثقافة مع شمس الدين؟؟ حق التعاريف ونسلمة مطبوع ولا ع الايميل؟؟

[sigh]

Metaphysics
Skepticism
Aristotelian Empiricism
Plato's Idealism
Critical thinking
Dialectics


تختاري واحد منهم وتعرفيه وترسليه على الايميل
هذا مو واجب هذه درجة مشاركة للبنات اللي ماعندهم مشاركة

[hopeful]

بنات ساعدوني بنشأة الرّواية... إختبار يوم الخميس اللي من عشره

من ايش أذاكر بالضضضبططط؟؟؟؟

[hopeful]

واذا عندكم لنك المسلسل او الموفي او عندكم خبر كيف القاه في اليوتيوب علموني :(

[miss rawan]

هذا رابط تورنت لمسلسل جين اير من 4 حلقات

http://thepiratebay.sx/torrent/3768454/BBC.Jane.Eyre_[2006]_1-4.DaRmEtH

واضغطي على Get this torrent

[hopeful]

شكراً جزيلاً روان 3>

[مرشدة مغرورة]

Hi Ladies

Al 17th literature student will have

tow exams in their lecture time

1

: drama : the first lecture

2

poetry : after the mid until the last thing


GOOD LUCK :rose:

[سحااآآااب ~]

8
يعطيك العافية مرشده :love080:
اذا ماعليك امر اذا كنتي تدرسين شعر
اسدحي لنا الاسئلة اللي جاتكم بالميد ؟
:rose::love080:

[smile2013]

اختبار !!! اي جزيئة

[liali]

شلون اختبار واحنا اختبارنا المد الاسبوع الجاي
اقصد الشعر مع حصه

[smile2013]

^
انتي خلصت شعر ولا

[E-2013]

Hi Ladies

Al 17th literature student will have

tow exams in their lecture time

1

: drama : the first lecture

2

poetry : after the mid until the last thing


GOOD LUCK :rose:

في المحاضرة الاضافية الاخيرة يوم الثلاثاء فترة النشاط قالت بس
Paradise Lost&The Rape of the Locke

:000:

[E-2013]

مجموعة الثلاثاء الساعة 12 اختبارنا الاحد صح ولا لا ؟

[E-2013]

اختبار الميد تيرم Lite.17 Poetry:
1-
What is the characteristics of metaphysical?
2-
What is the benefit of Marvell's mask device -give examples 3?
3-
what is the kind of image have been written by John Donne?
4-
quotation:
...Truth Lord,but I have marred them:Let my shame"
*The theme with it has been extracted
Name of the writer&poem*


وش اللاسئلة اللي خذتوها ف الدراما بالميد؟؟؟؟

[سحااآآااب ~]

هذي تجميع لاسئلة الدراما حقت الميد لكل الشعب

# Discuss the plot of the paly ?
# Describe the characters of Mirabell and Lady Wishfort?
# Explain why Mrs. Marwood and Mr. Fainall consider the vallians of this play ?
# explain extra -marital through the play ?
#Discuss the title of The way of the world ?
# List the characteristics of the restoration age ?


Quotations :
- Marry her , Marry her ...
- I did as much as man could do ...

[Apple A]

درما القرن 17


شعبة الثلاثاء الساعة 12 .....اختبارنا الاحد صح ولا لا ؟ .....وفي اي وقت:sdfgdsf:

[EGS]

بنات اختبار oral مع شموخ الفياض كيف طريقته ؟

[مرشدة مغرورة]

السلام عليكم بنااات و آآآسفى على التأخير

بالنسبة للاختبار للي كانت مع د.حصة بتختبر الكويز الأسبوع هذا اللي يبدأ بكرة

كلن بشعبتها اللي الحين تاخذ دراما ماعدا شعبة الأحد ماني متأكدة لأنكم اختبرتو كويو الدراما الأسبوع اللي راح

فمصيركم مجهول ما أقدر أككدلكم انه الاختبار بكرة

و بالنسبة لجزئية الشعر أنا رجعت سألتها قالت كل القصااايد اللي بعد الميدترم و كنت حااااضرة يوم الثلاثاء

و سألتها بنفس اليوم كتأكيد .

[مرشدة مغرورة]

و دراما شعبة الثلاثاء الساعة 12

اختبارنا الثلاثاء بنفس وقت المحااضرة هي كتبت اعلان عند مكتبها انه كلن بشعبتها و مع التواااريخ.

و طبعا لا تنسون كويز الشعر بيصير معاااه ,, لأنه حرااام أحس ,, الدكتورة مبلغة بس البنات للي حظرو الاضافية يوم الثلاثاء والباقي ما يدرون .

[مرشدة مغرورة]

و دراما شعبة الثلاثاء الساعة 12

اختبارنا الثلاثاء بنفس وقت المحااضرة هي كتبت اعلان عند مكتبها انه كلن بشعبتها و مع التواااريخ.

و طبعا لا تنسون كويز الشعر بيصير معاااه ,, لأنه حرااام أحس ,, الدكتورة مبلغة بس البنات للي حظرو الاضافية يوم الثلاثاء والباقي ما يدرون .

[مرشدة مغرورة]

و هذا التفريغ اللي نازل بالجزئية اللي بنختبها , وأحسها مرة مختصرة يبيلنا نبحث بزيادة ,,

ناقصها the rape of the lock

و

paradise lost أحسها مرررررة نااااقصة ,,





Cavalier poets:
There are two generation in the group of the Metaphysical poets; an older generation and a younger generation. The older is known as the metaphysical poet (John Donne- George Herbert) Andrew Marvell falls between the two. He is a good example of a poet who carries the seeds of the two stages.
The younger generation is the Cavalier poets. They are writing poetry that is carrying some influence of the metaphysical. They are writing poetry dealing with love, fun and joy. They were writing for the elite. We can speak of these people as being courtiers - writing for the elite. They are referred to as Ben’s sons (the sons of Ben Jonson) he is the father of the Cavalier poets. He presented then with an example to follow.
They have their own unique way of writing. Their writings are very similar to their life and to their interest. They are writing their own interest. Their own views were reflected in the society.
The main theme they are writing on is women- love affairs. We find war( civil war) there and biblical references.
War is a prestigious action that they usually take to attract women to them. They are courtiers, knights- brave, courageous. They are enjoying special characteristics. But it does not mean that they are completely different from the metaphysical.
When we read them, we find this easy language- similar to the metaphysical.
We need to know what is common between them and the metaphysical- what characteristics they share with the older generation and what differences they have.
They are writing about fun, love, women and joy which are taken from 16th century courtier writers. They are still writing under the same umbrella of the metaphysical poetry. we find their poetry written in an argumentative style- questions are being answered- discussions, conclusions, resolutions are to be set. There is also the simplicity of language with simplicity of structure. We find the structure very easy and direct. It is because of the simplicity of the subject matter. The subject matter has straightforward meaning. It is not complicated. They did not intend the structure to go beyond the apparent sentence meaning, the surface meaning of the sentence like the metaphysical where we find layers of meaning. The language is simple, direct and straightforward but the structure is simpler than the metaphysical.
Their images are sometimes taken from science and religion.
These are generally speaking the characteristics of the Cavalier poets.
We find their poetry interesting. They wrote a lot of songs, lyrics. It is poetry that is written in an easy language and designed to be sung. It should be short, light in meaning and simple in language.
 


How could we read John Suckling and Richard Lovelace as Cavalier poets?
How to approach the poems critically as Cavalier poetry?
They are two young poets descending from luxurious families. They are highly educated. Their language, though it is simple, it is communicative, suggestive. They are capable of creating and building images.
The Cavalier poets have their own characteristics but they are sharing some of the metaphysical like the conceits and some of their strange images.
There is the love issue which is to be traced in different approach.
It is divine love, about devotion to God. We find male-female relationship. There is the idea of love.
With the metaphysical there is love, death, science, religion, relations. The Cavilers are mainly speaking about love and wars which end up with death. To communicate these themes, they are using luxurious ways of speaking about love and war. War is accredited to their characters. They are thinking of themselves as being braves, credited with honor. This honor will attract their beloved more.
With the metaphysical, there is love but there is no failure. There is separation that is intended. There is devotion, human-God relationship
With the cavilers there is love and failure. There is no devotion, no commitment. There is no deep interest. Love for them is light emotion, passing by relations. It is love for fun.
Both styles are argumentative.
The themes are recurrently here and there but the treatment is different by the young generation and the old generation.
Nature is there. It is used to serve their feelings.




Song
Why so pale and wan fond lover? Pale شاحب-ضعيف
Prithee why so pale?
Will, when looking well can't move her,
Looking ill prevail?
Prithee why so pale?

Why so dull and mute young sinner?
Prithee why so mute?
Will, when speaking well can't win her,
Saying nothing do't?
Prithee why so mute?

Quit, quit for shame, this will not move, خجل-خزي
This cannot take her;
If of herself she will not love,
Nothing can make her;
The devil take her. الشيطان
• Write a kind of evaluation of the title- it is a song
• Give an early general meaning of the text
• Do a kind of critical reading- what is the theme- how are the themes communicated to the reader- through the images, structure, the rhyme-
• The speaker is addressing his friend. He is in pain and he is sad because he has failed in love. He is addressing the lover.
• He is drawing a number of images. In the first one, we are in front of someone who is in pain . This is due to his sadness. This communicates to us the idea of being sad. It is a mixed image. He is in pain because he failed his love.
• There are three characters, lover, beloved and a friend. The beloved is absent. The addressee is the friend who is the lover. The speaker is his friend.
• The structure is simple.
• The conclusion is harshقاس-جاف enough to dismiss يصرف-ينبذ-يطرد this lady from his life.
• He is not advising his friend to forget her, but he is cursing يسب-يلعن her by saying that the devil takes her.
• There is repetition of “ why” and the “ w’ sound. “well-why- won…
There is alliteration الجناس الاستهلالي. .This is part of the poetic language. Alliteration is suitable for the emotional case of his friend. There is sadness. There is no harshnessخشونة-فظاظة . It is an impression of sadness. The language is smooth and simple. They use all the tools possible in their hands to draw the image. We are in front of an image of a sad person who is suffering failure اخفاق in love.
• We have three stanzas. In each stanza, there is an image.
1. The first image is an image who is pale.
2. The second image is of someone who is dull غبي-كسول-ممل-فاتر and muteأبكم .
3. The third image is the image of a devil who is avenging ينتقم-يثأر this failureالمخفق by taking her.
In one stanza- the fist stanza- of five lines, we have four questions. It is an argumentative style, questioning and answering. He comes to a conclusion- it is a curse. This is the idea of a devil joining man. This is part of their superstitious خرافي- metaphysical. It is related to a superstitious idea that was common at that time.
It is an open end discussion. It is argumentative. Here are 8 questions in 15 lines.
It is a song= short poem speaks about emotion. It is short. Its language is simple and light.










To Lucasta, Going to the Wars
Tell me not, sweet, I am unkind,
That from the nunnery
Of thy chaste breast, and quiet mind,
To war and arms I fly.

True; a new mistress now I serve,
The first foe in the field;
And with a sterner faith embrace,
A sword, a horse, a shield.

Yet this inconstancy is such,
As thou too shalt adore;
I could not love thee (Dear) so much,
Love'd I not honor more.

• The theme is about leaving his beloved. Through this theme of departing his love, to war, he is describing the characteristics of knightsالفرسان.
He does not prefer war to her to be credited for more love. He is trying to credit himself for more honor so that he will be loved stronger by her. He is aware واع-مدرك of his responsibility to his country, to his nation. Therefore, he is ready to leave her to do his duty towards his country ending up with gaining more love of her. He is hitting two goals at the same time.
1. These two goals are serving his nation, showing commitment تعهد towards his country and
2. winning her heart. He is leaving her to war because he loves her. this separation in their life will give them chance to be together forever. This is to enjoy everlasting love.
Theme: It is love and war. War is a credit in the life of the caviler poets.
The country for him is but the woman he is in love with. The country is the mother- land- female. Whatever is said about land is said about female. He is ready to die for his country. This is communicated to us through this wonderful language and the images. Going to war to defend his country, to defend the land is more important for him than to stay with his beloved. If he loves his country properly, then, he loves her properly. If he defends his country, he will be honored. People will look at him as being an honorable man. Eventually, she will love him more. He will be a star. He wants the maximum honor, to gain more love from her side. This is said through the poetic way, the poetic language, argumentative style and a number of images. This is the beauty of poetry.

• Go and find:
how the civil war has been initiated- started in England?
• Who was responsible for that?
Ther e was a clash between James I and Richard II on the issue of finance. The main clash was between the parliament- that was not representative of people- and the king who had the divine right- the idea to be elected by God. The king asked the Parliament for a loan and they refused. A clash had happened. The king was executed. The country remained for 18 years without a monarch. Cromwell- the top of the Parliament- was running the country for 18 years.
Before reading Paradise Lost, read about Milton. He was born in 1608- very early in the 17th century. He practiced influence on literature at that time. He participated in the issue of Reformation Movement. He wrote number of pamphlets. He influenced people through his literary background. He was a bookworm. He read a lot. He knew different languages, Latin and Italian .when he writes, he is equipped with this vast knowledge, rich vocabulary, examples from the ancient of the Greek, modern examples of the French and the English issues. He used to improve his knowledge and revise his poetry. He was against the religious trends. He knows that it was part of the hypocritical society. It was politically manipulated.
The idea of religion is clear in his poetry- do not misuse and manipulate religion to improve your political issue. Religion should be there in full control but not to be manipulated to serve politics.
One of his strange ideas concerning the world is that he thinks that the world is for evil. There is evil in the world. Man should struggle to survive. That is what we find in Paradise Lost. There is Satan who is seducing man, pushing him to do evil. One should not submit himself to evil. He should struggle to survive. He believes that one of the ways to win the war against evil is to gain knowledge. Ignorant people are easily attracted, seduced, affected. Knowledge is a tool, a sward to defeat evil.
It was an answer for the church that was controlling the life of people. They did not have enough liberty to discuss the bible.
It does not mean that Milton was not religious. He was religious and he uses many Biblical references. “ Paradise Lost” depends mainly on a Biblical story. It is the story of Adam and Eve- the story of disobedience- they did not obey the instructions of God. It was evoked by Satan. They were seduced by Satan to commit this first sin, convincing them to eat from the forbidden fruit as it will bring them happiness and pleasure. The reason was being punished and descended from Eden.
What should you know in this poem:
• Short background of the age
• Short background of the poet
• The poem itself
- as an epic –
What is an epic? It is a long narrative poem written in a highly elevated language. it deals with the history of the nation. It is allegorical. He is speaking about something hitting at something else. He is writing on the dismissing of man from heaven. This lost paradise is nothing by the lost England. He is warning people if they followed their Satan, they will lose their Eden- their nation.
This is a biblical story used to preach people politically- biblical story used for political preaching.
When he is writing, he is carrying these wariness, the suffering of his country of both politics and religion. He has managed to join them together in one poem- in an epic.
He is asking many questions, discussing so many issues.
The epic involves the history of the nation. There are a lot of adventures, names, events, dates of the history of the nation.
He started a poem entitled ‘ Paradise Regained” regaining paradise can be only through a kind of settlement, regent and purgation.
With these many cultures, different languages, awareness and experience with politics and religion, Milton was capable of writing such a wonderful great epic.
First thirty lines , as an epic writer, he is speaking about his own task as a poet- what he is going to do.
Then, he is listing a number of places where the Muse used to inspire great writers.
He is adding historical dimension to this piece of literature by placing it, speaking about the Muse inspiration in the holy places.
He asks the muse to choose any place that he used to inspire great people and inspire him there. He says to the Muse that he knows a lot.
He is adding political dimension to his work. He is showing that what he is going to do is something divine. He needs an inspiration that is not common to all inspirations of poets.
In book I- he ends by justifying the way to God, sin, punishment. Then he discusses who is responsible for this sin.
• Characters – Satan is the most perfect character drawn by Milton. He is the controller. – Adam- Eve as an emotional character.
• Setting – it is a burning lake- hell

[مرشدة مغرورة]

السلاااااااااام عليكم صبايا

امتحان كويز الشعر لشعب الأحد الثلاثاء و الأربعاء تأجل للأسبوع القادم كل في محاضرتها

و هذا للي كانت بالشعر و الحين تاخذ دراما

و هذا كلام الدكتورة على تويتر , و بالتوفيييييييييييييق

[ورده ذبلانه]

ممكن تعطينا حساب الكتوره بتويتر

[Sanfoor]

بنات كيف كانت اسأله دكتوره حصه للشعر ١٧ ؟

الله يعافيكم ردو

[amooosh]

ادب 17 الشعر ايش المتيريال اللي ذاكرتوا منه ؟؟
وايش كانت الأسئله؟




وبعد ايش قصة المحاضره اللي لازم نحضرها مع مرشدنا الأكاديمي؟!!
لازم نحضرها؟ ومين المرشد حقنا؟؟؟

[E-2013]

السلاااااااااام عليكم صبايا

امتحان كويز الشعر لشعب الأحد الثلاثاء و الأربعاء تأجل للأسبوع القادم كل في محاضرتها

و هذا للي كانت بالشعر و الحين تاخذ دراما

و هذا كلام الدكتورة على تويتر , و بالتوفيييييييييييييق

قصدك اللي اختبارهم الشعر الثلاثاء هذا بتاريخ 7-2
بيصير يوم الثلاثاء الجاي بتاريخ 14-2
:sm5:

[EGS]

بنات بس حابه اعرف الحين بكرا الدراما مع رحمة 12 شعبتنا احنى علينا اختبار بعد ؟

[E-2013]

الدراما ايوه فيه كويز بس الشعر مادري

[مرشدة مغرورة]

قصدك اللي اختبارهم الشعر الثلاثاء هذا بتاريخ 7-2
بيصير يوم الثلاثاء الجاي بتاريخ 14-2
:sm5:

أنا ما أدري أنت من أي المجموعات

يعني إذا كنت شعر وبعدين حولتي دراما

أو نت دراما بعدين حولتي شعر

المهم هذا الكلام للي كانت شعر مع حصة و صارت دراما مع رحمات

لأنه حنا ما اختبرتنا الدكتورة أية اختبار , ان شاء الله يكون واااضح :rose:

[مرشدة مغرورة]

ممكن تعطينا حساب الكتوره بتويتر

Hessa Al-kahlan

‏ @kahlan1st

[مرشدة مغرورة]

وبالنسبة للأسئلة مكتوبة بالصفحات اللي رااحت

و بالنسبة للمتيريال أنا ذاكرت من التفريغ و جبت درجة مررررررررة حلوة هذا بالنسبة للشعر

وبالنسبة للارشاد د.حصة قالتلنا لازم تحضرون , بس أحسها بس تخوف

و بالنسبة اشلون تعرفين اسمك وين مع أي دكتورة

تروحين لقسم المكتب اللي ورى الباب فيه كشف بأسماء كل بنات الانجلش دوريه وبعدين شوفي مع مين حاطينك :wink:

[E-2013]

أنا ما أدري أنت من أي المجموعات

يعني إذا كنت شعر وبعدين حولتي دراما

أو نت دراما بعدين حولتي شعر

المهم هذا الكلام للي كانت شعر مع حصة و صارت دراما مع رحمات

لأنه حنا ما اختبرتنا الدكتورة أية اختبار , ان شاء الله يكون واااضح :rose:

يعطيك العافية انا كنت شعر وصرت دراما

[مرشدة مغرورة]

ايوه يعني بس بيكون فيه كويزا الدراما هالأسبوع و الأسبوع الجاي شعر

[سحااآآااب ~]

8
مرشده ممكن تنزلين التفريغ اللي ذاكرتي منه ؟؟
:004::106:

[$ زازا $]

بنات متأكدين اختبار الشعر مع الدكتورة حصة لشعبة الاحد يوم الثلاثاء ذا يعني بكرة ؟؟؟ انا اذكر ان الدكتورة قالت نتقابل الاحد القادم و راح تختبرون يوم الاحد و دكتورة رحمات راح تراقب علينا ؟!!

[$ زازا $]

انا اوف بكرة بلييز رد للي تحضر معي بوتري :(

[amooosh]

وبالنسبة للأسئلة مكتوبة بالصفحات اللي رااحت

و بالنسبة للمتيريال أنا ذاكرت من التفريغ و جبت درجة مررررررررة حلوة هذا بالنسبة للشعر

وبالنسبة للارشاد د.حصة قالتلنا لازم تحضرون , بس أحسها بس تخوف

و بالنسبة اشلون تعرفين اسمك وين مع أي دكتورة

تروحين لقسم المكتب اللي ورى الباب فيه كشف بأسماء كل بنات الانجلش دوريه وبعدين شوفي مع مين حاطينك :wink:

جزاك الله خير شككرا:004:
بس ياليت تنزلين لنا التفاريغ لأن ماعندي أي متيريال اذاكر منه اببد:icon9::icon9:
والله يعطيك العافيه يارب:rose::rose:

[خيآل انثى]

الكويز اللي في الدراما بس الشخصيات نذاكر ولا فيه معه شي ثاني ؟؟

[مرشدة مغرورة]

all thing are include in the exam:((

today we took the drama quiz

it was like a final exam

it was out of ten

plot+character+quotations

too baaaaaaad

[Sanfoor]

اختبار البويتري ١٧ بكرا مأجل الميد تيرم ؟ تيع حصه الكهلان

[مرشدة مغرورة]

هي اليوم كانت غايبة ,, و قروب الشعر تبع اليوم ما أحد تكلم انه فيه اختبار ميد للشعر

[مرشدة مغرورة]

You are going to study 17th century literature.
In the 16th century, writers dealt with emotions and feelings. By the end of the 16th century, the attitude changed. Writers started becoming more rational and more intellectual. The change came from romantics to classical. Writers started adopting classical trends. There are some traces of romanticism in their works. They become more intellectual and more rational.
Metaphysical poets:
Dr. Samuel Jonson- a very popular critic who gave the metaphysical poets this title. They used metaphysical conceits, images= totally different images. Both images of life and death will be there. One of the most important characteristics of metaphysical poets is that they use different images; images that do not go together, but the writer uses these opposite images. They contradictory images in their poems. They used striking opposite images. They wanted to replace all the idea of the 16th century. There is a juxtaposition of all ideas. They were looking together for different images.
John Donne is called the Father of the Metaphysical Poetry.
“ Death Be Not Proud”










John Donne

72. "Death be not proud, though some have called thee"

DEATH be not proud, though some have called thee
Mighty and dreadfull, for, thou art not so,
For, those, whom thou think'st, thou dost overthrow,
Die not, poore death, nor yet canst thou kill me.
From rest and sleepe, which but thy pictures bee, 5
Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow,
And soonest our best men with thee doe goe,
Rest of their bones, and soules deliverie.
Thou art slave to Fate, Chance, kings, and desperate men,
And dost with poyson, warre, and sicknesse dwell, 10
And poppie, or charmes can make us sleepe as well,
And better then thy stroake; why swell'st thou then;
One short sleepe past, wee wake eternally,
And death shall be no more; death, thou shalt die.


Death is described differently by different writers. But everybody agrees that a person who was born has to die. This is the ultimate reality of life.
The metaphysical poets become spiritual.
Donne is talking about death. Death is certain. It is the ultimate reality of life which Donne is talking about. It is said that death is a conqueror. Nobody can conquer it. Donne is challenging death asking it not to be proud.
He says that everybody thinks that death is mighty and nobody can conquer it. But they are mistaken.
It is a sonnet= 14-line poem. Usually, it is a romantic poem.
Donne here in this sonnet is talking about death.
People, who are spiritual, are not afraid of death because they know that death is a type of sleep. They do not die. They only change the form of the physical body. The soul is alive. A human is made up into two entities; body and soul. The body is mortal but the soul is immortal. This is what spiritual Donne wants to give the message. Usually we care for the body but we do not care for the soul. Death is only a type of rest and sleep. The soul does not die. It is set free from the body. Death is only a slave. It comes only according to fate, chance, desperate men who commit suicide – kings who give orders of death.
Death is dictated by these people. It is not the conqueror. Death is only a time of sleep.
We can get sleep out of the effect of poppies- a kind of drugs- they become unconscious. poppies and charms= magic can make one sleep. They might have an effect better than death. They make one feel happy under the influence of drugs and charms.
One short sleep past, we wake eternally. We will not die any more. There will be no existence of death after we die. There will be no more death. Death should not be proud of itself.

These are some of the images.
bones, show that human body is nothing but a skeleton
poyson, warre, and sicknesse these are associations of death. These are the things which bring out death. These are the negative connotations of death. They bring unpleasant images to our mind.
poppie, or charmes
These are the things which induce sleep.
Death is libration for the soul.
And better then thy stroake; why swell'st thou then
Death should not be lamented; rather, it should be celebrated. Death librates the soul from the cage of the body. The body is only a cage for the soul.






SWEETEST love, I do not go
For weariness of thee,
Nor in hope the world can show
A fitter love for me;
But since that I 5
Must die at last, ’tis best
Thus to use myself in jest,
By feignèd death to die.

Yesternight the sun went hence,
And yet is here to-day; 10
He hath no desire nor sense,
Nor half so short a way.
Then fear not me,
But believe that I shall make
Hastier journeys, since I take 15
More wings and spurs than he.

O how feeble is man’s power,
That, if good fortune fall,
Cannot add another hour,
Nor a lost hour recall. 20
But come bad chance,
And we join to it our strength,
And we teach it art and length,
Itself o’er us t’ advance.

When thou sigh’st, thou sigh’st no wind, 25
But sigh’st my soul away;
When thou weep’st, unkindly kind,
My life’s blood doth decay.
It cannot be
That thou lov’st me as thou say’st, 30
If in thine my life thou waste,
That art the best of me.

Let not thy divining heart
Forethink me any ill.
Destiny may take thy part 35
And may thy fears fulfil;
But think that we
Are but turned aside to sleep:
They who one another keep
Alive, ne’er parted be. 40

Sweetest Love, I do not Go




He is addressing his beloved. It is a love poem by John Donne.
He is showing the mirror of reality to his beloved.
He is telling his beloved that he is leaving not because he does not love her. He is not leaving because he will try to find a better love. He tells her that he loves her so much that no body can love her more. But since he must die at last, it is best to leave her now. He knows that he has to leave her one day. One day she will suffer the agony of separation. He wants to give her the experaince of separation. He wants her to get used to this separation.
He is comparing himself with the sun. The sun comes and goes every day. Every day the sun sets and the next day it rises. It is a regular appearance and disappearance of the sun. he says that if the sun disappears and appears every day, she does not need to fear his departure. He will go and come again like the sun.
Nobody is suffering as much as he is suffering.
He says that if we have good fortune, we are happy. We cannot add an hour to our life.
He says that when she sighs, it seems that his soul is going out. He is very much affected that she is sad.
He gives the impression to his beloved that he loves her too much. He cares for her. He cannot live without her.
The last stanza is prophetic. In the first four stanzas, he is very romantic. In the last stanza, he becomes spiritual. It is only destiny.
His existence is associated with her existence. They will never be separated from each other. He believes that if they die together, they will stay together forever. This life cannot spate them.
He is spiritual, religious and he is also very romantic.
The last stanza is very important. He is spiritual, he is divine and he is romantic. It is all combined together. He says that even death will not separate them.








John Milton wrote in the last decade of the 16th century. Paradise Lost is about Adam and Eve- the first humans.
What are the themes?
Satan was an angel. He rebelled against God so, he became a fallen angel. He intended to insinuate Adam and Eve against God so that they will become fallen.
There is an important theme that woman kind is inferior to man. Eve was created from the ribs of Adam. She is subtended to Adam= a second one. She was created to give company to Adam. Both of them are not created at the same time. She is a weaker person this is why she has been tempted by Satan. Instead of being directed by the words of God not to eat from the forbidden tree, she was tempted by Satan. The temptation that Satan gave her is that if she ate from the forbidden tree, she will become more powerful than God. She convinced Adam to eat the fruit. Both of them have become fallen. This is one of the themes.
God has an infinite power. Man’s power is limited= finite. We have to completely surrender to the power of God. We do not have any right to question what is happening. We should have complete surrender to God because there is a hierarchical order. God is at the top. Satan disobeyed God. He got the punishment. He lost his position as an angel. Adam disobeyed God so he and Eve fell. If man does not obey the hierarchy, things will go wrongly.
One more theme is fate and free will. Everything happens according to the will of God.
Why did God will that Adam and Eve would eat from the forbidden tree? This is to grant them free will= the power to choose. The soul is sent to the world to undergo a test. Then it will be given its place either in heaven or in hell. This is the general belief. God gave Adam and Eve free will. He did not prevent them from eating from the forbidden tree. They have two ways; either to rebel or ask for forgiveness. Satan rebelled and Adam asked for forgiveness. There is spoke of the redemption of Adam and Eve , but there is no spoke for the redemption of Satan.
These are the themes found in Paradise Lost.
Adam and Eve were created to live in Paradise but they lost Paradise due to the insinuation of Satan. Satan here plays the role of a rebel, a tempter – a villain. It is believed that Satan is the main character in Paradise Lost . It is the vital character around which this epic by John Milton moves. He wrote early in 17th century. He is a metaphysical poet.
The metaphysical poets use completely opposite images.
John Milton is a religious poet.

Main Characters
Adam- Eve- Satan- God ( the father) God( the son) Christians believes that Jesus Christ was sent by God for the redemption of mankind. He scarifies himself to pay for the sins of humanity.
Gabriel- an angel of heaven – Rafael= a good angel
Satan’s daughter
Sin- death and Satan have negative connotations. They have repulsive description- something very inhuman. It is unpleasant.
OF Mans First Disobedience, and the Fruit
Of that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal tast
Brought Death into the World, and all our woe,
With loss of Eden, till one greater Man

Man First Disobedience= is capitalized. It is the main theme in the poem.

It is said that if Adam and Eve cannot eat the forbidden fruit, the world will not come to existence. The entire world came into being because of the first disobedience of Adam.
The fruit of the forbidden tree, Man’s first disobedience are the two important elements of the poem. The disobedience is eating the fruit of the forbidden tree. This is why they are written in capital.
whose mortal tast
Brought Death into the World, and all our woe

mortal taste= it lasts only for a short period. Death is associated with something that is mortal. The body became mortal.
Woe= sufferings and pains

Restore us, and regain the blissful Seat,
Sing Heav'nly Muse, that on the secret top
Of Oreb, or of Sinai, didst inspire
That Shepherd, who first taught the chosen Seed,
In the Beginning how the Heav'ns and Earth
Rose out of Chaos: Or if Sion Hill [ 10 ]
Delight thee more, and Siloa's Brook that flow'd
Fast by the Oracle of God; I thence
Invoke thy aid to my adventrous Song,
That with no middle flight intends to soar
Above th' Aonian Mount, while it pursues

Our first pain, first suffering is after eating from the forbidden tree is the lost of Eden.
one greater Man= Jesus the Christ
their suffering continue till they are redeemed by the sacrifice of a greater Man= the Christ. He allowed himself to be crucified to pay for the sins of his fellow beings.



Things unattempted yet in Prose or Rhime.
And chiefly Thou O Spirit, that dost prefer
Before all Temples th' upright heart and pure,
Instruct me, for Thou know'st; Thou from the first
Wast present, and with mighty wings outspread [ 20 ]
Dove-like satst brooding on the vast Abyss
And mad'st it pregnant: What in me is dark
Illumin, what is low raise and support;
That to the highth of this great Argument
I may assert Eternal Providence,
And justifie the wayes of God to men.
Say first, for Heav'n hides nothing from thy view
Nor the deep Tract of Hell, say first what cause
Mov'd our Grand Parents in that happy State,
Favour'd of Heav'n so highly, to fall off [ 30 ]
From thir Creator, and transgress his Will
For one restraint, Lords of the World besides?
Who first seduc'd them to that foul revolt?
Th' infernal Serpent; he it was, whose guile
Stird up with Envy and Revenge, deceiv'd [ 35 ]
The Mother of Mankind, what time his Pride
Had cast him out from Heav'n, with all his Host
Of Rebel Angels, by whose aid aspiring
To set himself in Glory above his Peers,
He trusted to have equal'd the most High,
If he oppos'd; and with ambitious aim
Against the Throne and Monarchy of God
Rais'd impious War in Heav'n and Battel proud
With vain attempt. Him the Almighty Power
Hurld headlong flaming from th' Ethereal Skie [ 45 ]
With hideous ruine and combustion down
To bottomless perdition, there to dwell
In Adamantine Chains and penal Fire,
Who durst defie th' Omnipotent to Arms.
Nine times the Space that measures Day and Night


This poem has an obvious theme of revenge. Satan is in the form of a serpent= snake. He was stirred by envy and revenge. He envies Adam and Eve for happily living in heaven. This is not tolerated by him. Envy and revenge destroyed the mother of mankind= Eve.
Satan was proud. That is why he rebelled. His fault was that he was not ready to surrender himself to God. He was proud. He thought that he was equal to God.
To mortal men, he with his horrid crew
Lay vanquisht, rowling in the fiery Gulfe
Confounded though immortal: But his doom
Reserv'd him to more wrath; for now the thought
Both of lost happiness and lasting pain [ 55 ]
Torments him; round he throws his baleful eyes
That witness'd huge affliction and dismay
Mixt with obdurate pride and stedfast hate:
At once as far as Angels kenn he views
The dismal Situation waste and wilde, [ 60 ]
A Dungeon horrible, on all sides round
As one great Furnace flam'd, yet from those flames
No light, but rather darkness visible
Serv'd onely to discover sights of woe,
Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace [ 65 ]
And rest can never dwell, hope never comes
That comes to all; but torture without end
Still urges, and a fiery Deluge, fed
With ever-burning Sulphur unconsum'd:

It is said that Satan was a loving angel to God. When he loses his position, he becomes furious. He conspires, manipulates, make full army of rebel angels. All of them get after Adam and Eve , how to degrade them from paradise.

http://www.sparknotes.com/poetry/paradiselost/section1.rhtml
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/p/paradise-lost/summary-and-analysis/book-i










George Herbert style is different from the others.
What is the meaning of the metaphysical?
This title was given to a type of poetry written by some poets by Samuel Jonson. He was the one who gave them the name of Metaphysical Poets. All their writings are having the same characteristics with some differences.
Metaphysical= beyond nature- beyond the tangible- beyond the concrete
They are dealing with things that are beyond the concrete- beyond nature. In their poetry, they are trying to transform what is beyond physical to something physical. In doing so, they are writing poetry that is sensuous even with the idea of the relation with God. They are bringing God from heaven, from the unseen to the ground, to be with them. It is beyond our understanding.
This can be applied to all their poetry.
John Donne is one of the metaphysical poets. His life should be studied carefully.
He is described as the father of the metaphysical poets. His life is a mirror of his age.
Politics at that time was full of challenging, quarreling over the thrown. They were fighting to reach the parliament. Politics is governed by religion. When there is a Protestant Monarch, politics were being controlled by the Protestants. People were questioned by their sectors. They were ready to change their religious sectors to find a job, to be closer to the monarchy power. John Donne is an example of this. He was looking for a job. It was only possible if he changed his sector. He fell in love. It was a love that was banned by her father. He eloped with her. He was dismissed from his job. He regretted what he has done. He received religious education. He came back. He was enjailed. He decided to devote his life to God. He joined the church.
We can see two stages in his life; one is secular, the second stage is religious= completely devotion and commitment to God. Poetry,
In his poetry, we find these two stages. It is divided into two types; secular, where he wrote sonnets and songs and religious where we find him writing poems or sonnets.
George Herbert is an honest and religious person. In his poetry, we find him honest enough to his religion, speaking about God and speaking to God. He recommended a language addressing God similar to a language of a child speaking to his father. This goes with their belief, with their religion, with their concept of God- trilogy (Father- Son- the Holy Spirit)
George Herbert abides to this relation with God. We find the language very bright, honest, innocence, begging God asking for forgiveness.
Andrew Marvell was aware of the political situation, political dangers and who always has the urges to attack the society. He was honest to his society. He was very careful about his own safety. We find him writing poetry attacking the society without exposing himself to others. He recommended a language to speak to God. He devoted all his poetry to God. He wrote a lot of poetry that is tackling political and religious issue but at the same time, he was trying to protect himself. He thought that he had to wear a mask to write poetry.
His poem “ A Dialogue Between Body and Soul” is rich enough to understand Marvell, his age and his poetry.
These are the three metaphysical poets of the first generation (John Donne- George Herbert- Andrew Marvell)
John Donne traces the qualities of the elegies written at that time.
Elegies of metaphysical poetry in general and in John Donne in particular are unpoetic. elegies must be poetic to be influential, to convince the readers.
But John Donne’s elegies in general, his images are unpoetic. They are shocking, strange .
“Sweets Love, I do not Go” stands in between the two stages- the secular and the religious. He is obsessed with the idea of religion. He is speaking to God. Physical experience is there. It is a shocking poem.
“ Batter My Heart” Three Person God= reference to the trilogy he is very religious. He is addressing Go. It is unploite, unpoetic. He is asking for forgiveness. He is aware that he is a sinner. He needs to be forgiven by God. He is speaking as being a piece of metal and needs to be recreated. He is speaking of God as being a blacksmith. He is in need to be reformed as someone who is good.
This poem was written during a state of transformation from being a sinner .
The second image is that he is speaking of himself as a country that is being taken by an enemy and God should fight to bring him back.
The third image is that he is speaking of himself as a girl who is taken by someone. He wants God to bring her back and to marry her. He is speaking to God as a lover. After marriage, comes a close relationship.
He wants God to free him out of himself.
In this poem, we may detect how far they were away from the idea of God.
He is speaking of his ideas and the ideas of his people, his age.
This is the way, they are dealing with God. This is the image of God in their minds.
Here, we may trace his journey through religion from secular to religious. We find him bieleving in the idea of the need to be forgiven. The only one who would forgive him is God. This is religious, but the way, he is expressing himself is pure secular. This is unusual, unpoetic, impolite, strange, shocking. These are the characteristics of the metaphysical poetry.







Sweetest Love, I do not Go

John Donne (1573–1631)


SWEETEST love, I do not go
For weariness of thee,
Nor in hope the world can show
A fitter love for me;
But since that I 5
Must die at last, ’tis best
Thus to use myself in jest,
By feignèd death to die.

Yesternight the sun went hence,
And yet is here to-day; 10
He hath no desire nor sense,
Nor half so short a way.
Then fear not me,
But believe that I shall make
Hastier journeys, since I take 15
More wings and spurs than he.

O how feeble is man’s power,
That, if good fortune fall,
Cannot add another hour,
Nor a lost hour recall. 20
But come bad chance,
And we join to it our strength,
And we teach it art and length,
Itself o’er us t’ advance.

When thou sigh’st, thou sigh’st no wind, 25
But sigh’st my soul away;
When thou weep’st, unkindly kind,
My life’s blood doth decay.
It cannot be
That thou lov’st me as thou say’st, 30
If in thine my life thou waste,
That art the best of me.

Let not thy divining heart
Forethink me any ill.
Destiny may take thy part 35
And may thy fears fulfil;
But think that we
Are but turned aside to sleep:
They who one another keep
Alive, ne’er parted be.

“Sweets Love I Do Not Go” we start with the title to get one of the themes.
Love theme is there in their poetry. Although they are interested in theology, but there is love, there is a secular theme. They have nothing to do with religion directly. They are able as metaphysical writers to connect between them, to bring the abstract and the concrete, putting them together, increasing, and enhancing our understanding of their main themes.
The poet is addressing his beloved telling her that he is not going because he does not love her or because he wishes to love someone better than her. The main issue is to show her the logic behind their living. He starts arguing. One of the main characteristics of the metaphysical poets is that they are argumentative. He starts by putting hypothesis. Then, he starts to discuss it, and then eventually reaches to a kind of conclusion. Sometimes this conclusion is a solution, sometimes it is a statement that brings about facts.
This is what is happening here in this poem. He starts by saying that he is leaving, he is not going in search for a fitter love.
He is addressing his beloved telling her that he will go. He will go not because he does not love her but because they will separate eventually when they die. So, he is asking her to have this experience early- to separate, so when death comes, they will not be shocked. He is asking her not to be sad, not to sigh , do not be kindly unkind= when showing too much sadness. He is asking her to be patient and to ask about it.
He likens himself with the sun that leaves everyday and comes back again. The sun comes though it has no reason to come back. He has no reason to come back. He has spurs and wings to fly.
He is likening himself to the sun which is a symbol of heat, power, and energy. He wants her own love that gives him wings and spurs to come back as quickly as the sun. so, if he departs now, he will come back because he has reasons to come back. If compared to the sun, the sun comes back with no reason.
Let not thy divining heart
Forethink me any ill.
Destiny may take thy part
And may thy fears fulfil;
But think that we
Are but turned aside to sleep:
They who one another keep
Alive, ne’er parted be.

One of the themes in metaphysical poetry is that death is like sleep and sleep is like death-
The last two lines of the poem- the death theme in the poem- death is eventual- being religious, being aware of the life after, this departure is a short departure just like when we die and live eventually in heaven. He is speaking of himself as dying and coming after life.
Strange unpoetic, shocking images are used a lot in the metaphysical poetry. the most shocking images is what Donne used in “ Batter My Heart”
In one of the metaphysical poems the two lovers are compared to the two poles. In another poem they are compared to the two legs of a compass.
“ A Hymn to God in my Sickness” he speaks of himself as a map on a table, speaking as geographic scientists searching his west. They are searching and finding out his body speaking of the east and west. It is life versus death.
This is science in literature.
Science is there, religion is there. They have the ingredients, but they put things in different way that we used to see in literature. Facts that are there are not strange. Putting these facts together is real explosion, real shocking.
“ Death Be Not Proud” he is addressing death. We are being tortured before departure, the idea of leaving life without their dear persons. Death is surpassing us all. It is passing its orders to take our souls and to end our life. Eventuality, death will die. Death has a power. God has a mighty power. He is controlling all. He is speaking about his fighting with death as an entity, power which eventually will vanish

How far are these poems example of metaphysical poetry? How many characteristics of metaphysical poetry can be applied to these poems?
Speaking of images, main themes, speaking of them as being argumentative poems.

[مرشدة مغرورة]

If we are to analyze a poem, after having an introduction to the age- what is the metaphysical period- what are the main characteristics of the age- what kind of poetry did John Donne write? What are the characteristics of his poetry?
Then you have to apply what you know on the poem.
This age has religious themes- strange , unpoetic , scientific and impolite images.
John Donne passed two stages. In the first stage he wrote secular and metaphysical. In the second stage he wrote religious poetry.
The title in “ Death Not be Proud” is not a normal title. It is challenging and strange a little bit. Death is one of the themes in the metaphysical poetry. It has a religious connotation. They were possessed with the idea of death.
So, it is religious and metaphysical. It is a metaphysical poem. This is one of the holy sonnets that Jon Donne wrote. There is this submission to the idea of death, but he is trying to defeat death. In the last line, he said, death will be dying and man will live eternally. Man is challenging death. Death is only a servant- slave of Fate. Death will be the victim- the tool of his master- Fate. Death is obeying his master and fulfilling his duty. So death serves Fate. This scary idea threatens people’s life, happiness. Fear of death has been defeated by this way of writing.
One characteristic of metaphysical poetry is that it is argumentative. It is an argumentative idea. He says that Fate is the master and death is only the servant. Death is not powerful because it is only obeying the orders and instructions given by Fate- the real power. This image is usually used by the metaphysical writers, when it comes to death. Death is a short slap. Death is being belittling. After sleep, we come back to the eternal life- life after- this shows that Donne is a believer. These are His beliefs in the life after. That is why as a good believer, death is not the ultimate end of man. It is only a stage. It is only crossing a boarder from the life now to the life after. Death is the cause of human misery. It is always threatening our happiness. But here, in this poem, he is looking at , dealing with death from a different angle where he is belittling death. In an argumentative way, he is confessing. In the last line he is very relaxing. One of his argumentative ways that he uses to convince the reader is to speak of death as a slave. The other way is speaking about death as sleep. It is a recurrent image in the metaphysical in general and John Donne.
“Death Be Not Proud” is one of Jon Donne’s songs from Songs and Sonnets. John Donne’s poetry is marked by interest and religion. This poem is a pure argumentative poem.
It is a metaphysical poem written by one of the most outstanding writers or poets .



He is different from John Donne. He graduated from Cambridge. He was tortured with the idea of not having a purpose in life. He wanted to have a clear purpose. He was not satisfied with the word- to gain money only. He is a religious person. Religion is there in their life at the back of their minds and hearts. It is the urge to change their life.
George Herbert ultimately came to devote his life to God. He thought that it would give to his life meaning and value. One of the main ideas, philosophy is self-centeredness= ego. It is behind all the sins that we commit. One of the sins that George Herbert committed in his life is switching his religion. It was to gain a job.
George Herbert sense of this self- centeredness is behind all sins that had been committed in his life. He is trying to find a solution. The solution for him is to dismiss this “ I” and to think of God- to devote this self to God. He started by thinking in his purpose in life and he ended up by dismissing or accusing self- centeredness of all sins committed by him. This has been clearly expressed in his poetry.
He wrote three poems entitled” Love”

LOve bade me welcome: yet my soul drew back,
Guiltie of dust and sinne.
But quick-ey’d Love, observing me grow slack
From my first entrance in,
Drew nearer to me, sweetly questioning,
If I lack’d any thing.

A guest, I answer’d, worthy to be here:
Love said, You shall be he.
I the unkinde, ungratefull? Ah my deare,
I cannot look on thee.
Love took my hand, and smiling did reply,
Who made the eyes but I?

Truth Lord, but I have marr’d them: let my shame
Go where it doth deserve.
And know you not, sayes Love, who bore the blame?
My deare, then I will serve.
You must sit down, sayes Love, and taste my meat:
So I did sit and eat.

This poem tells us what kind of poetry is written by George Herbert in devotion to God. He decided to devote his life to God. He wrote religious poetry in a way. He wrote it in a conversational style- a conversation between a Father and a Son. It deals with love idea. Love here is the love of God. It is not male-female love as it is with John Donne. It is the relation between man and his Creator- his Maker.
He is writing religious poetry in a very polite way. He uses the language of a child in the presence of his Father. He used to say that poetry- or man should talk to God in a polite way, similar to a language used by a child speaking to his father.
The speaker here in this conversational and argumentative style, we find this polite relationship between man and God. It starts with an invitation- a welcome given by God to man which is very shocking for the speaker. He is shocked with this invitation. It is a very nice, loving, simple way dealing with this man. God is very loving when He realized the shocking reaction of Man. He speaks to him nicely- he gets closer to him holding his hand. It is a love relationship- it is God to Man.
On the other side, the speaker is so polite. He expressed shame, decent with this invitation. He thinks that he does not deserve it. He had committed lots of sins.
We have a Biblical story- the Last Supper- Jesus the Christ and his disciples. Jesus- according to the Christian belief- is the Son of God- a second God- he invited his disciples for supper- meat, wine- .
What are metaphysical characteristics that we can trace in this poem?
• It is religious
• Argumentative – it starts with a simple situation in which it is impossible for man to join God’s kingdom and ends up with sitting with him tasting meat.
• It is a strange situation- the whole poem is an image of an invitation. For him, it was impossible to be achieved. It is achieved. He is proud. The whole poem is dealing with this strange image of man joining God’s. We have a setting of God in his place and some one that is being invited.
• The language is simple, easy, and polite. This is George Herbert’s main characteristic. He recommended the language of a child speaking to his father. It is truly applied to the love theme.







BY GEORGE HERBERT 1593–1633
The Altar
A broken ALTAR, Lord thy servant rears,
Made of a heart, and cemented with teares:
Whose parts are as thy hand did frame;
No workmans tool hath touch'd the same
A HEART alone
Is such a stone,
As nothing but
Thy pow'r doth cut.
Wherefore each part
Of my hard heart
Meets in this frame,
To praise thy Name:
That if I chance to hold my peace,
These stones to praise thee may not cease.
O let thy blessed SACRIFICE be mine,
And sanctifie this ALTAR to be thine.
It is always studied in the metaphysical poetry because of its shape. It is one of the shape poems. It is in the shape of “ I” there is the direct meaning. There is another “I” = the ego.
It is the shape of the altarالمذبح فى الكنيسة- a concrete stone in the church. In the altar, they sacrifice not only sheep and goat, they sacrifice themselves there. We have to devote ourselves to God to get rid of the “I” self centeredness. This is Herbert’s main theme.
The Altar is speaking about devoting this “I’ “Me” “ the Self” to God. The place where we devote or sacrifice ourselves is the altar.
The shape poem is not Herbert’s motivation. It is one of the techniques in poetry. The subject matter is stressing the shape of the poem. The shape of the poem carries parts of the meaning. Here, part of the meaning is a reference to self sacrifice and devotion to God.
He is speaking about his complete readiness to devote himself to God.
The altar is weak and broken. This piece of stone is being broken. It is not good for sacrifice. He is not speaking of a real altar. He is speaking metaphorically. He is referring to a broken heart. What made break a heart? Sins make break heart. A heart that is broken by sins is not suitable for sacrifice. A broken heart is not a suitable place to worship God. How to have a heart that is well built and good enough to worship God? -To have a heart clear of sins?
Cemented = put together. The glue to stick- put this heart together is tears that express his regret. These tears are asking for forgiveness.
The image is that of a broken heart that has been broken by sins that he has committed. It is not suitable to be devoted to God.
We have the altar and a broken heart. What is there in the altar is applicable to the heart. If the altar is broken, so we cannot make sacrifice there. It will be cemented. If the heart is broken, full of sins, it can be devoted to God. It is busy with something else. As we are cementing the altar, this piece of stone, we have to cement the heart. We should have some glue that cemented the stone and some glue that cemented the heart. This glue is nothing but tears in the expression of sense of guilt and asking for forgiveness.
This is the main image. He is very smart in doing so.
This activity taken place in altar – a stone- one piece- one entity- it is hard, strong enough to take this harsh activity of sacrifice.
The only one who can fix the altar is the one who made it. The heart can only be fixed by God. So, he is asking for forgiveness, for understanding. He is showing regret.
A HEART alone
Is such a stone

If a heart is such like a stone it means that it is full of cruelty, harshness, no mercy, full of sins.
This stone= the altar in the church where people go to sacrifice- to worship God
This stone= hard heart- ready to praise God.
He is a religious man.





Of my hard heart
Meets in this frame,
To praise thy Name:

He speaks of a heart and an altar that is broken. It needs to be repaired. He is speaking of a heart that is a stone- it is a heart that is suitable to worship God- to be devoted to God- to sacrifice itself to God.
This hard stone, one entity, never broken- not being broken by sins is the only one that is ready or suitable to pray for God.
He puts a hypothesis. A broken heart is not suitable. A suitable heart is that like an altar- one entity.
This is argumentative. He puts hypothesis. He starts discussing it. If the hear is broken, it needs some tears. If it is cemented, then it is weak. The best heart is the hard one that is similar to the altar- a stone. It is strong enough, one entity, never broken.
The whole image is that of a heart similar to an altar.
Scarface is the centre.
He ended up saying that a heart is an altar
In what sense the heart is an altar?
The heart is a place of sacrifice. All the characteristics of an altar should be there in the heart- it should be strong, not broken. It should be one entity, strong, never broken. If it is to be broken, it should be cemented.
The language is smooth, very easy, simple.
This shape never disturbs the easiness of reading.
There is one controlling image which is a conceit. It starts at the beginning of the poem, develops till the end of the poem. Here, we have a very clear conceit of a heart likened to an altar.
The main theme is of a heart. This idea is being communicated to us through this shape f an altar to think, go immediately to the idea of sacrifice. This sacrifice can be taken place in our heart. We can take the altar everywhere we go. Unless it is strong enough, it will not be suitable to worship God.

























• How much is Andrew Marvell a metaphysical poet?
• How can we describe Andrew Marvell as a metaphysical poet?
• How much is Andrew Marvell’s character and poetry is metaphysical?
• How much he is similar and different to his age?
We have to start answering these questions by sitting the characteristics of the metaphysical poetry- of the age.
It is an age of questioning; an age of religion, there is a lot of Biblical stories and references, quotations. We find poets speaking about relations with God. In all metaphysical poets, we find this relation. We find this religious sense in all poets in different levels. George Herbert presents child-father relationship. In John Donne, it is male-female relationship.
It is an age of political clashes and an age of science, a lot of scientific findings.
These religious, political, scientific issues, we find images that are very strange concerning nature, geography, science. We find all scientific findings. Facts are there. They present these images in a very unusual way. They have unusual images, unusual ways of tackling things, unusual language which is sometimes impolite.
We have all the ingredients, characteristics of the metaphysical; science, politics, religion, social references.
We cannot understand metaphysical poetry without knowing about the whole period, the map, the general face. In this age, their education, their relation to the bible, to the church, to science in general is there. Different sciences are there; geography, medicine, geometry are there. Science and religion are there in the hearts of their poems.
He speaks of himself as a piece of map- science is there- astronomy- speaking of the two lovers as the two legs of a compass.
This makes their literature astonishment, very strange to the extent that we are forced to go and find out how their poetry was written, in which age. It was not a personal issue. It was scientific and religious issue.
We can describe Andrew Marvell’s poetry as being political. It was not for politics’ sake, but for the unity of his nation. He was very keen on avoiding criticism. He uses metaphorical language which he developed into symbols. It is through disguise, covering his real identity to enjoy some freedom
Andrew Marvell is not only using metaphor, but he is choosing themes and subject matter that enable him to achieve a kind of detachment from the real subject.
In this poem, it is a dialogue between body and soul- two parts of the human body.
At that time, politics was a taboo محرمات being sensors of the society- writers- they developed a responsibility towards the society. He was one of these sensors. He was careful to write about issues of interest to all people. he was unable to do so because of these political taboos. So, he was to wear a mask and to speak about a clash between the two parts of the body which is only a metaphor of the two parties in the country. What is said about these two parts of the body will be said about the two parties in the country. A soul cannot survive away of this cage- the body. The body cannot live without the soul.
The dialogue is very interesting.
The soul is the heart of the body. He is using scientific facts, anatomy, and psychology.
This comparison is there in Andrew Marvel’s poetry- in metaphysical poetry- because they are using scientific facts. He is speaking about physical and psychological diseases that might affect the soul.
His poetry is only a reflection of his age and his character. Of his character, because he was able to write on serious political issues of that age without exposing his belonging- to which part he is siding. He is wearing masks. Instead of speaking about the political parties, he is speaking about alternatives, a picture of reality- the relation between body and soul.
He is mirroring the reality of his age. He is dealing with political issues in a smart way which is initiative. It was a mask. He is reflecting the theme he is using. The Dialogue between body and soul is not but the two parties clashing in reality of the English nation. It gives an exact honest picture of the clash of England at that time. The survival of the country could only be achieved by the coexistence of its two parties- as the body cannot survive without the coexistence of its two parts- the body and the soul.
The soul is lost in the wilderness. It has no place to rest on. It is like a ghost that roams the place. This is a separation in the nation. He is very smart when he chose this image. He was keen and exact when he starts writing this poem- making this dialogue.
The poem is full of scientific details. It is sometimes supernatural as it is metaphysical.

A Dialogue between the Soul and Body
Soul

O Who shall, from this Dungeon, raise
A Soul inslav'd so many wayes?
With bolts of Bones, that fetter'd stands
In Feet ; and manacled in Hands.
Here blinded with an Eye ; and there
Deaf with the drumming of an Ear.
A Soul hung up, as 'twere, in Chains
Of Nerves, and Arteries, and Veins.
Tortur'd, besides each other part,
In a vain Head, and double Heart.


First, he gives the chance for the soul to speak.
O= an expression of pain of suffering.
The first image that is given within this umbrella image is that of a slave. The soul speaks of itself as being a slave.
Dungeon= a jail زنزانة –underground prison. It is dark, stiff.
This soul complains from being in slavery. It is being imprisoned. The bones are being used as a means to tight him. He is describing the whole bodies as bars of the prison. The skeleton, muscles, arties are being described as a cage- as bars of a prison. It is like a metal pin that is surrounding hands and feet.
He is giving us a complete pictorial image of the soul imprisoned in the body.
The soul is blinded. It is being trapped from the outer world. He cannot contact with the outside. He has eyes and ears but still blind and deaf.
It is reference to the blindness of people at that time. They do not see reality, they do not hear advices. Being deaf and blind means that they are indifferent to the dangers that threatens their life- to the dangers in which they are entrapped.
The blindness and the deafness of the soul is a reference to the blindness and deafness of the British people to the dangers that surround them, threaten their life.
The soul is speaking about its position. It is hung up which means that it is not at rest. It is part of the spirituality, supernatural dealing with the issue of spirit. It is hung up there. The hung up of the soul is a way of being tortured. It never enjoys any rest. At the same time, it is a reference to the position of the body, to the entity of the body. To keep the body straight, the soul is strained to make the body survive.
Of Nerves, and Arteries, and Veins.
It is anatomy of the body.
The soul is being hung up with arteries, veins and nerves. It is tortured, in pain.
In a vain Head = they are stupid. They do not know what is good and what is bad. They are not logic, not wise. They cannot find out the danger. They are busy with life. They are indifferent to the dangers that are threatening their life.
double Heart= the heart being made of two parts- pure anatomy.
Here, he is speaking metaphorically. He is using all the knowledge that he had about science, anatomy, religion.
Political parties is hypocrisy, double = saying something and doing something else. It is politics which divided the country into two. Political parties are not but a picture of hypocrisy.
Body
O who shall me deliver whole,
From bonds of this Tyrannic Soul?
Which, stretcht upright, impales me so,
That mine own Precipice I go;
And warms and moves this needless Frame:
(A Fever could but do the same.)
And, wanting where its spight to try,
Has made me live to let me dye.
A Body that could never rest,
Since this ill Spirit it possest.


the soul is describing the body as being dungeon and the body is describing the soul as being tyrannic. The soul is speaking about itself as being hung up. The idea of being hung up is still there. The hanging up in the first speech by the soul is torturing the soul because it needs to enjoy rest. Here, in the body speech, the hanging up of the soul is straining- torturing the body because with this hanging up the body is stretched up with the soul. The same thing is touching both of the two parties in a different way. The same idea is mentioned, the same suffering is there. The outcome , the way of suffering is different. The body says that it is a needless frame to the soul. The soul is controlling, tyrannic. There is no use of the body to be there. Without the soul, the body cannot move. The soul is said to be a source of warm. One of the signs f being dead is coldness. The soul being there is the cause of life. Leaving the body is the sign of being dead. The body could never rest since it possesses this ill spirit= the soul. Speaking of the body, it is not true. Speaking of the nation, it is true. The nation has been split into two by the two parties.






Soul

What Magic could me thus confine
Within anothers Grief to pine?
Where whatsoever it complain,
I feel, that cannot feel, the pain.
And all my Care its self employes,
That to preserve, which me destroys:
Constrain'd not only to indure
Diseases, but, whats worse, the Cure:
And ready oft the Port to gain,
Am Shipwrackt into Health again.



Here, he is speaking of some psychological problems that cause the sickness that may trouble the body. It happens in the soul but it tortures the body. It is magic to be able to resist confine. The trouble of the soul influences the body. The sickness of the body may trouble the soul. What so ever the body complains, the soul feels.
When it comes to the speaking of the nation’s suffering, political problems that the nation may come through are of some influence on both of the two parties. The body may be destroyed with the sickness of the soul. It is not only to be patient with diseases but what is worse is to cure it.
The body describes itself as being shipwreck- sinking. This is the nation, the country that is sinking. The body is responsible for this shipwreck. If the body is sick and it is about to sink, due to some psychological problems, the soul is responsible to save it. The rescue part is taken by the soul.










Body

But Physick yet could never reach
The Maladies Thou me dost teach;
Whom first the Cramp of Hope does Tear:
And then the Palsie Shakes of Fear.
The Pestilence of Love does heat :
Or Hatred's hidden Ulcer eat.
Joy's chearful Madness does perplex:
Or Sorrow's other Madness vex.
Which Knowledge forces me to know;
And Memory will not foregoe.tarts with “
What but a Soul could have the wit
To build me up for Sin so fit?
So Architects do square and hew,
Green Trees that in the Forest grew.


The last speech is given by the body.
The first two speeches starts with “ O”= suffering. The other two speeches start with
“ but” it is a kind of argument.
There is a list of sicknesses that are caused by the soul. It is caused by spiritual ambition.
The Maladies= the medicine that has been examined on the body.
Medicine can never cure diseases caused by the soul.
Cramp of Hope does Tea= the pain of hope
If the soul is suffering the cramp of hope, the body will suffer. We feel pressure on the body, we feel this heart beat.
The body shakes with fear. Love is heating the bodies.
Joy's cheerful Madness does perplex:
Or Sorrow's other Madness vex.


These are number of feelings, emotions that influence the body. The result is on the body. The soul has made the body fit to such suffering.

What but a Soul could have the wit
To build me up for Sin so fit?
So Architects do square and hew,
Green Trees that in the Forest grew.

We have the image of the architect- with the image of the shipwreck in the speech of the soul- it shows the role that is supposed to be played by both of the body and the soul which enhances the idea of inseparable parts= cannot be separated- the relation between the two. They are dependent. They cannot live as independent.

[nooni-s]

بنات ايش القصايد اللي داخله بالميد !! بتاكد بس

[سحااآآااب ~]

8
sweetest love
death be not proud
the altar
love III

[liali]

الله يجزاك خير يامرشده
وكل وحده تحب تساعد البنات

[amooosh]

بنات اللي عندهم نشأة الرواية الخميس 8 مع ليلى خلصنا محاضرات ولا باقي؟؟

[مرشدة مغرورة]

هاي لايديز آند جينتل مانز

اليوم حصة الكهلان منزلة اعلان جديد وهو كالتالي :

اختبار المجموعة الأولى الأسبوع القادم كل في شعبته "الدراما" في :

الكافيلير +
"poems2

" paradise "

وحاطة بينهم and , or

" the rape of the lock"

يعني ما أدري شكله نختار وحدة و بالاختبار بيجينا واحد منهم ..




و اللي الحين تاخذ شعر معها برضو منزلة اعلان عن الميد تيرم انه الأسبوع الجاي

كل وحدة في محاضرتها و حاطة لكم الجزأية ما انتبهت لها .

[مٱٱجور ﻲ ڨڶٻـﮯ]

صصبايا بالنسبه لل/ translation
أنا حايسه في مذاكرة الكوز
في جزئية/ word-sentence meaning
وكمان جزء ال/ thesaurus
لإنها شرحتها في عرض ولاحصلته
في الايميل
الله يسسسهل على اللي بتساعدنا

[Rooodi7]

ايش هو الاعلان الي حطته حصه الكهلان

[مٱٱجور ﻲ ڨڶٻـﮯ]

صصبايا بالنسبه لل/ translation
أنا حايسه في مذاكرة الكوز
في جزئية/ word-sentence meaning
وكمان جزء ال/ thesaurus
لإنها شرحتها في عرض ولاحصلته
في الايميل
الله يسسسهل على اللي بتساعدنا

محد عندها فكره عن الموضووع؟؟!!!:love080: :love080:

[Rooodi7]

كويز التلرجمه نذاكر من وين الى وين ؟

[سحااآآااب ~]

بنات بليييز
اللي شافت اعلان حصة حق الشعر
تقولنا ايش الجزيئات اللي محددتها
للميد تيرم ..

[مٱٱجور ﻲ ڨڶٻـﮯ]

كويز التلرجمه نذاكر من وين الى وين ؟

من word-sentence meaning
إلى آخر محاضره thesaurus
ماني متأكده إذا شابتر 2 معنا أو لا
الله يوفقك ..:love080: :love080:

[آنسه مشاكل]

الدكتوره ما نزلت محاضره thesaurus ع الايميل

وش بنسوي الحين

[مٱٱجور ﻲ ڨڶٻـﮯ]

الدكتوره ما نزلت محاضره thesaurus ع الايميل

وش بنسوي الحين


لا نزلتها توني مشيكه وحصلت شابتر 2 و 3 و thesaurus
بس ماني متأكده إذا شابتر 2 معنا في الكوز ولا لا ؟؟
فووول مارك يارب ..:106:

[AL-anood sh]

بنات كيف تتذاكر الفونولوجي هالماده حاييسه فيها وشلون أسئلة اميمية باختبار الفونولوجي الله ييسر اللي ترد علي

[Rooodi7]

لا نزلتها توني مشيكه وحصلت شابتر 2 و 3 و thesaurus
بس ماني متأكده إذا شابتر 2 معنا في الكوز ولا لا ؟؟
فووول مارك يارب ..:106:



ابي الايميل حق الدكتوره الي تنزل عليه المحاضرات

[مٱٱجور ﻲ ڨڶٻـﮯ]

translation2103@hotmail.com

thirdyear2013

[E-2013]

بنات كيف تتذاكر الفونولوجي هالماده حاييسه فيها وشلون أسئلة اميمية باختبار الفونولوجي الله ييسر اللي ترد علي

تكون اساي كويستشن وتعريفات ولازم تكتبين امثله واحفظي وبالتوفيق ان شاء الله

[Sanfoor]

بنات اللي اختبرو ترجمه كويز

ياليت تكتبون طريقة الأسأله اللي عليها 5 ماركس

[أندومي]

السلام عليكم

بنات ياليت تعطوني ايميل القروب و الباسورد لمادة الفكر و الثقافة

مع الدكتور شمس الدين قروب يوم الاربعاء الصباح ...

[hopeful]

بنات الساعه كم اختبار الفونولوجي؟؟؟؟؟؟

[سر دمعه]

بنات الساعه كم اختبار الفونولوجي؟؟؟؟؟؟

اتوقع وقت المحاضرة 8

[Sanfoor]

بنات اللي اختبر كويز ترجمه من أي محاضرات ؟

شعبه الاربعاء وكيف طريقة الأسأله !

[ALanood sh]

بناااااات اللي اختبروا فونولوجي كيف طريقة الاسئلة جأتكم

[A.A.O]

اول سؤال تعاريف ٨ درجات .. ثاني سؤال ترانسكربشن ٤ درجات .. ٣/ ٤ كلمات تقسمينهم ( سيلابيلز) وتقولين وين السترونق سيلابل (٤درجات) .. س٤/ جابت ٤ كلمات نقول تقسيمهم "نسيت صيغة السؤال " بس اتوقع هو الي تقولين pre-initial , final ... ٤ درجات ..
موفقه

[E-2013]

السلام عليكم

كويز الشعر من فين تذاكرون قصيدة
Paradise Lost,Book 1
and
The Rape of the Lock

[NoorAldnya]

لييييييه فيه كويز
يعني في بنات اختبروا
؟؟؟

[E-2013]

ليه قروب الثلاثاء الساعة 12 مو بكره كويز شعر ؟؟؟

[noiselessness]

انا شعبة الأربعاء خلصنا شعر ونأخذ دراما لما رحت لمس رحمات قالت انه بتاخذون كوزي وميدان دراما مع اخر كويز لمس حصة لكن السوؤال بايش الكويز حق الشعر مدري وهل بنفس المحاضرة الدراما كمان مدري مس رحمات تقول مدري ومس حصة مالقيتها والحل

[E-2013]

هاي لايديز آند جينتل مانز

اليوم حصة الكهلان منزلة اعلان جديد وهو كالتالي :

اختبار المجموعة الأولى الأسبوع القادم كل في شعبته "الدراما" في :

الكافيلير +
"poems2

" paradise "

وحاطة بينهم and , or

" the rape of the lock"

يعني ما أدري شكله نختار وحدة و بالاختبار بيجينا واحد منهم ..




و اللي الحين تاخذ شعر معها برضو منزلة اعلان عن الميد تيرم انه الأسبوع الجاي

كل وحدة في محاضرتها و حاطة لكم الجزأية ما انتبهت لها .


هذا اقتباس لرد مرشدة مغرورة عن اعلان الكويز لدكتورة حصة

[smile2013]

بنات سؤال

في محاضرا شعر بكرا ولا ملغيه ؟

و الساعة كم ؟

[مرشدة مغرورة]

السلام عليكم لايديز

هذا تفريغ الدراما للي ما عندها ,,

بس هالله هالله بالدرجات السنعة :(204):

[A.A.O]

بنات الله يعافيكم الي تعرف اختبار الشعر ١٧ في ايش بالضبط تعلمنا .. واذا تعرفون بعد طريقة اسئلتها
حصه الكهلان محاضرة. الساعه ١٠

[noiselessness]

بنات الله يعافيكم اللي عندها المتريال حقت كويز الترجمة ليوم الأربعاء بكرة تنزلها بلييز او تقول ايش اللي معنا الله يوقفها اللي تنزلها

[مجنونتها]

بنات درجات نشأة الرواية مع مس ليلى للحين مانزلت !!
أبي اعرف فيه احد كلمها بالموضوع او لا !!

[Apple A]

القرن 17 شعر
بنات اختبار شعبه الثلاثاء تاجل الثلاثاء القادم مع الاكستر ا(محاضره)
وانه cavalieمعا بس في الميد والنهائي بس خصائصه والسونق محذوفه
الاختبار من الاول الى cavalie...
بالتوفيق

[smile2013]

و شعبة بكرا الاربعاء
؟
و متى الاكسترا ليكشر

[smile2013]

و الاسبوع الجاي في محاضرات شعر ؟

[A.A.O]

طيب شعبه الاربعاء بكرا في اختبار ولا لا ؟ واذا فيه ايش الي داخل معانا ؟

[بنت الزهراء]

هلوووو صبايا الي عندها شعر رومانسي مع حصه الكهلان هذي الصفحة الي سويتها لها من الكتاب

[ALanood sh]

بنات ايشش جاكم في الاختبار الترجمة كيف جات نصا او بالمفهوم

[noiselessness]

ايش معن الكويز الترجمة ايش نذاكر بلييييز احد يرد ويقول

[noiselessness]

كمان اللي عندهم اخر كويز مع الشعر عند حصة ايش اللي معنا بلييز احد يرد

[amooosh]

[QUOTE=Apple A;9998302]القرن 17 شعر
بنات اختبار شعبه الثلاثاء تاجل الثلاثاء القادم مع الاكستر ا(محاضره)
وانه cavalieمعا بس في الميد والنهائي بس خصائصه والسونق محذوفه
الاختبار من الاول الى cavalie...
بالتوفيق[/QUOTE

paradies lost و the rape of the lock معنا بالاختبار؟؟

[Aysha]

بنات ايميل الايساي قروب الاربعا دكتور احمد حسن مايفتح معاي ليش؟

[سحااآآااب ~]

بنات الله يخليكم
ابي الكوتيشنز تبع الدراما اللي داخله معانا بالفاينل
بلييييييز اللي عندها تحطهم

[سحااآآااب ~]

بنات الله يخليكم
ابي الكوتيشنز تبع الدراما اللي داخله معانا بالفاينل
بلييييييز اللي عندها تحطهم

[nooni-s]

^

مو عندي بس يقولون نزلوها بمكتبة فجر '

بنات اختبار الشعر بكره الى وين !!

[سحااآآااب ~]

^

مو عندي بس يقولون نزلوها بمكتبة فجر '

بنات اختبار الشعر بكره الى وين !!

لا فيه تحديد جديد , المجموعة الثانية
حددت لهم 13 كوتيشنز بس داخله بالفاينل
ي ليت اللي تعرفهم تكتبهم لنا تفككك أزمة :(204):

بالنسبة للميد الى dialogue between soul and body

[R O S E]

بنات درجات نشأة الرواية مع مس ليلى للحين مانزلت !!
أبي اعرف فيه احد كلمها بالموضوع او لا !!

تقول بتعلن عنها في البلاك بورد الاسبوع الجاي

[R O S E]

ايش معن الكويز الترجمة ايش نذاكر بلييييز احد يرد ويقول

بنات ايشش جاكم في الاختبار الترجمة كيف جات نصا او بالمفهوم

يقولون جا صح وخطاء كله

[R O S E]

ايش معن الكويز الترجمة ايش نذاكر بلييييز احد يرد ويقول

اذا اختبارك بكره بس word-sentence meaning
Part 1+2
3ماخذناه لسى

[Apple A]

[QUOTE=Apple A;9998302]القرن 17 شعر
بنات اختبار شعبه الثلاثاء تاجل الثلاثاء القادم مع الاكستر ا(محاضره)
وانه cavalieمعا بس في الميد والنهائي بس خصائصه والسونق محذوفه
الاختبار من الاول الى cavalie...
بالتوفيق[/QUOTE

paradies lost و the rape of the lock معنا بالاختبار؟؟

no

[Princess Sara]

بنات بليز فكر وثقافة مع شمس الدين اليوم الساعة 8 ايش عطاكم؟؟؟ وايش قال عن الاختبار???

[E-2013]

السلا عليكم
عروض النشأة نزلت شي في البلاك بورد؟؟؟؟

[عسولة الشرقية]

السلام عليكم بنات

حبيت أستفسر هل دكتورة مها / سلوى وفائي / حصة الكهلان

هل فيه وحده بتحضر الاسبوع الجاي

ولو مافية ممكن اعرف متى اقدر القاهم خصوصا دكتورة مها

[E-2013]

دكتورة سلوى الوفائي بتجي الاحد من الساعه 9 عشان اعادة اختبار ميد الترجمة الابداعية
ودكتورة حصة بتجي الثلاثاء عشان محاضرة شعر الاكسترا اظن فترة النشاط
دكتورة مها ماعرف ؟؟

[ام فطوم]

بنات اختبار الميد معتذرات نظرية الترجمة كم الساعه بالضبط انا ماني متاكده كأنها قالت ١٠ ؟؟؟

وطيب نفس جزئية اللي اختبرو ميد ولا غير الجزئيه ؟؟ بليز افيدوني اختباري الاحد. وطوال الاسبوع اروح مكتب د سلوئ ولا اشوفها

[مرشدة مغرورة]

بنات نزلت درجات الصوتيات شعبة الأحد 10 على البلاك بورد و عقبال البقية

[مرشدة مغرورة]

و هذي العروض الباقية تبع مس ليلى , هي لسه ما نزلتها ,, بس أنا سرقتها من جهازها :16.jpg:

سويت عليه هكر وطلعلي :16.jpg:

[miss rawan]

بنات شعبه الثلاثاء مع د.حصه شعر 17 متى امتحان الميد الاحد و لا الثلاثاء

[E-2013]

و هذي العروض الباقية تبع مس ليلى , هي لسه ما نزلتها ,, بس أنا سرقتها من جهازها :16.jpg:

سويت عليه هكر وطلعلي :16.jpg:
:106::106::106::106:
شكراً

[Princess Sara]

حذف

[ليان محمد]

تقول بتعلن عنها في البلاك بورد الاسبوع الجاي

طيب كيف عرفتي ؟؟؟
ارسلتي لها ايميل يعني !!!

[LBA.2LBEE]

بنات ميد تيرم الشعر حصه تبع شعبة الثلثاء الاختبار متى ؟ الاحد ولا الثلثاء ؟

[A.A.O]

السلام عليكم .. بنات بسأل عن سنتاكس لاني كنت غايبه..الخميس كانت اخر محاضرة؟ ايش قالت شي مهم بخصوص الاختبار النهائي والشهري ؟ عطتكم درجات ميد المورفولوجي ؟

[خيآل انثى]

السلام عليكم .. بنات بسأل عن سنتاكس لاني كنت غايبه..الخميس كانت اخر محاضرة؟ ايش قالت شي مهم بخصوص الاختبار النهائي والشهري ؟ عطتكم درجات ميد المورفولوجي ؟


نفس السؤال كنت غايبه الخميس قالت شي مهم ؟؟و اي تاريخ اختبار الفاينل ؟؟

[خيآل انثى]

متى اختبار الشعر والدراما للفاينل اي تاريخ ؟؟

[مرشدة مغرورة]

يوم الثلاثاء ثاني أسبوع :)

ما أدري كم التاريخ :(

[خيآل انثى]

طيب اختبار نظرية الترجمه الفاينل متى اي يوم واي تاريخ؟

[E-2013]

يوم الثلاثاء ثاني أسبوع :)

ما أدري كم التاريخ :(
تاريخ6-3

[شمووخ عزي]

طيب اختبار نظرية الترجمه الفاينل متى اي يوم واي تاريخ؟




يوم الآحد - 3/4 - الساعه 8 الصباح

[سحااآآااب ~]

بنات الله يوفقكم للمره الملييووون اطلب
الكوتيشنز اللي حددتها رحمات بالدراما ،،
معقوله ما احد حدد معها .
:icon9:

[amooosh]

بنات الله يوفقكم للمره الملييووون اطلب
الكوتيشنز اللي حددتها رحمات بالدراما ،،
معقوله ما احد حدد معها .
:icon9:

+1

:icon9:

[amooosh]

بنات الله يعافيكم مين عندها جدول الفاينل تعطينا اياه ؟؟

[happy girl]

بنات سينتاكس مسس امل ارسلت لكم الدرجات ع البلاك بورد ؟؟

[happy girl]

طيب طريقة السينتنس في الثيتا رول كذا ؟

The book is blue
the book is the theme
[TENSE [-Past] < BLUE <theme: BOOK> >

صح علي والا خطأ ؟

[sσќɑ̝ян]

بنــــــآت بليز اللي عندها شرح للسينتاكس او رابط او اي شى يساعدني بالاختبار ترسله هنا
لاني ماااااااااعرف فيه شى ابد

[تركي بن سعد]

اختبار مستوى اول للدراسات بكرة اختبارهم الانجليزي فيه قطعة او لا ؟

[noiselessness]

من جد اللي عندها فكرة عن السنتاكس يا ليت تساعدنا

[ورده ذبلانه]

بالنسبه للكوتيشنات انا محدده معها بس ناقصه وبعدين في اشياء تشرحها عند شعبه وتصير غير عند الشعبه الثانيه
اللي عندي بكتبه هما بكتب بداية الاكت
Act 1 scene 1
Mirabell
" I did as a man could ..

Act 1 scene 3
Finall
" marry her,marry her.....
Act 2 scene 1
Mrs.marwood
"True ,its an unhappy.....
Act 2 scene 4
Mirabell
"Why do we daily commit .....
Act 2 scene 3
Finall
"Your fame i have preserved.......
Act 3 scene 5
Foible
"Poison him ?........
Lady wishfort
"Frippery ?

Act 4 scene 1
Lady wishfort
"Well ,and how shall i receive him?....
Act 5 scene 1
Lady wishfort
"Out of my house ,out of my house .....
Act 5 scene 4
Lady wishfort
"O my dear friend..........

Act 5 scene the last
Mirabell
"Madam ,disquiet not yourself ......

هذا اللي حددته معها وموفقين

[Rooodi7]

بنات النوفل كيف نذاكره بعد ما منعت التفريغ عننا ايش بنسوي حسبي الله عليها يعني موراحمتنا ولا مخليه رحمه ربي تنزل

[ليان محمد]

بنات النوفل كيف نذاكره بعد ما منعت التفريغ عننا ايش بنسوي حسبي الله عليها يعني موراحمتنا ولا مخليه رحمه ربي تنزل

ذاكري من المحاضرات الي تنزلها على البلاك بورد وحاولي تقرين شوي عن النوفل من المواقع مثل سبارك نوت وإي نوت وكليف نوت يعني هالمواقع وانشالله بتساعدك بالتوفيق