تعاريف المنظومة النحوية

[3adel]

ذكر الدكتور في آخر المذكرة بأنه ستكون هناك بعض الأسئلة في الإختبار عن التعاريف، لذلك أجتهدت بحصر أكبر عدد من التعاريف المذكورة، متمنيا لي وللجميع التوفيق والنجاح.

Grammar: the rules that say how words are combined, arranged and changed to show different meanings.

Sentence: group of words that expresses a statement, question, command or exclamation.

Statement: a sentence which gives information. ( declarative )

Question: a sentence which asks for information or makes a request. ( interrogative )

Command: a sentence which gives an order or makes a suggestion. ( Imperative )

Exclamation: a sentence which is used to express the speaker's feeling or attitude.

Verb: the central unit ( nucleus ) of an English sentence.

Intransitive: verbs that require no objects.

Transitive: verbs that require objects.

Monotransitive: verbs that require only one object

Ditransitive: verbs that require two objects.

Direct object:

Indirect object: comes first followed by the direct object.

Phrase: two or more words that function together as a group.

Noun phrase: ( often abbreviated to NP) convenient term for any of the following: noun – nominal group.

Modifiers: add to, change or limit the meaning of the head in a phrase.

Pronoun: type of pro-form, instead of using the nominal group " the old man" we can use the pronoun "he"

pro-form: forms used instead of other forms

personal pronouns:

subject pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
object pronouns: me, you, her, him, it us, them
Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, hers, his, its ours, theirs.

Indefinite pronouns: everyone, someone, something

Pronominal group: we all, everyone in our class

Proper noun: the name of someone or something that is usually imagined to be unique.

Common noun: a name given either to an example of a class or to the class as a whole.

Animate nouns: refer to a person or animal.

Inanimate nouns: refer to a place, thing or an idea.

Count noun: can be preceded by "one" and may have a plural form. Such as "friends" and "men"

Mass nouns: cannot be preceded by "one" and do not have a plural form. Such as "bread" and "milk"

Collective noun: is a singular word used to refer to a group. "family" "team" "public"

Modifiers:

Pro-modifiers: are modifiers that come before the head.

Post-modifiers: are modifiers that come after the head.


Determiners: are words which specify the range of reference of a noun by making it definite or by indicating quantity


Identifiers: tell us either definitely of indefinitely which noun the speaker means. They include : article – demonstratives – Possessive forms or personal pronouns.

Quantifiers: tell us either definitely or indefinitely the quantity of the noun.


Verb phrase: consists sometimes of a finite verb only.

Simple verb: consists of one word. E.g. is, was, walked, sat, did

Complex verb: consists of a verbal group. E.g. have telephoned, were placed, did not like, could see

Finite verbs: show tense, person and number.

Non-finite verbs: does not show tense, person and number.

Form: is what the word/phrase/clause look like

Function: is the job of the word/phrase/clause in a sentence.

Complement: is a word/phrase/clause that completes the meaning of another word/phrase/clause. It is necessary for the meaning to be complete.

Appositive: a noun phrase that describes the same person or thing as another noun phrase that came before it.

Adjunct: is a word/phrase/clause that provides additional information about another noun/phrase/clause.

Adverbial: is a group of words that does the same job as an adverb.

Adjectives: are words which we use to describe people, things, events… etc.

Adjective phrases: are composed of an adjective which funtions as the head of the phrase), a modifier ( mostly an adverb), and a complement.

Gradable adjectives: are adjectives that express a condition or quality of which there are degrees.

Adverb: is a word like 'here', and 'quickly' which we can use to say where, when, and how something happens. It can also express other meanings like frequency, degree…. Etc.

Adverbial phrase: is a group of words that does the same job of an adverb.

Simple sentences: have only one clause,

Conjunctions: are words like "and", "or" and "but" which we use to connect grammatical unites/elements in a sentence.

Coordination: can link two or more words of the same word class.

Complex sentence: has two or more clauses joined by a subordinating conjunction

Main clause: ( also known as an independent clause ) is a clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence.

Subordinate clause: ( also known as a dependent clause ) is a clause that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.

That-clauses: begins with " that "

Wh-clauses: begins with a wh-question word, e.g. what, who.

Direct speech: is quoting the actual words spoken by someone.

Indirect speech: is restating the words spoken by someone.

Relative clause: is a clause which mainly modifies a noun phrase. It usually begins with a relative pronoun: who, whom, whose, which and that.

[طالبه جامعيه E]

برافووووو واحسنت راغب واحلام


جمعتها في ملف


بيض الله وجهك

[خلدون-2010]

هذه الماده ماخذتها لاننا يالله نلحق على الى عندنا:58545:

[ســMــــو]

مشكووور عادل و ما قصرت

مشكوووره طالبة

[Reem.AB]

الله يجزاك خير يا اخ عادل ويوفقك يارب
ريحتنا من الهم
وما قصرت مها بجمعها للتعاريف بملف



مارح اقول احسنت ورائع لانك فعلا احسنت ورائع << تغمز لمها :58545:

[ضاري الشمال]

مشكور اخوي عادل ,, بيض الله وجهكـ وجزاك خير الجزاء على جهدك المميز ..

يسلم راسك يالغالي ,

وفقك الله

[لحن الزهور]

مجهووووووود رااااائع

الله يعطيك العافيه وتسلم يدينك

[lluvia]

الله يجزاك الخير يارب

[ســMــــو]

[ليااااان]