[ المناقشات ] : English clubالمحاضره الخامسة القواعد المنظومة النحوية

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Verbal Groups
لمجموعات اللفظية تكون من خمسة أنواع
erbal groups can be of five types:
1-صيغة المصدرمع الفعل المساعد
[Type 1Modal +Infinitive: could see, will come

Type 2 Have +Past Participle: have telephoned, has begun
النعت في الماضي وهي الفعل have&hasمع أسم المفعول
Type 3 BE +Present Participle: are coming, were waiting
نوع 3 BE + النعت الحالية وهي أسم الفاعل مع BE
ype 4BE +Past Participle: is grown, was broken
النوع الرابع أسم المفعول مع BE
[ype 5 DO +Infinitive: did not like, Did you know?
DO + صيغة المصدر: لم يعجبك، هل تعلم؟

The first four types can be combined with one another to form more complex verbal groups like:

الأنواع الأربعة الأولى يمكن دمجها مع بعضها البعض لتشكيل مجموعات اللفظية أكثر تعقيدا مثل:
Ahmed will have finished that book by Friday. (Type 1 & 2
أحمد سيكون قد أنهى هذا الكتاب بحلول يوم الجمعة. (نوع 1 و 2
في الجمله فعل مساعد willواسم مفعول the bookو haveوالمصدر

He has been learning English for four years. (Type 2 & 3)
وقال انه تم تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية لمدة أربع سنوات. (نوع 2 و 3)
He will have been learning English for five years by next October. (Type 1, 2 & 3)
وقال انه تم تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية لمدة خمس سنوات بحلول اكتوبر تشرين الاول المقبل. (نوع 1 و 2 و 3)
Note 1: The meaning of the verbal group is contained in the last word.
e.g. He has been learning English for four years.

ملاحظة 1: ويرد معنى المجموعة اللفظية في الكلمة الأخيرة. على سبيل المثال وقال انه تم تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية لمدة أربع سنوات.
Note 2: Only the first word of a verbal group is affected by person, number and tense. The first word is what makes the group finite.
ملاحظة 2: يتأثر وتتغير فقط الكلمة الأولى من مجموعة اللفظي من قبل شخص وعدد وزمن ومتوترة. الكلمة الأولى هو ما يجعل مجموعة محدودة
e.g.
He has been learning English for four years.
I have been learning English for four years.
They have been learning English for four years.





Type 1 Modal +Infinitive
• إن الفعل الرئيسي الذي يتبع مساعدة مشروط يكون دائما في صيغة المصدر (بدون "إلى").
The main verb which follows a modal auxiliary will always be in the bare infinitive (without “to”)
g. can see, could see
• Modals are not affected by person and number.
e.g. He must know how to speak English.

• لا تتأثر الأفعال المساعده والشرطيه من قبل شخص والعدد.

[COLOR="rgb(139, 0, 0)"]They must know how to speak English.
• All verbal groups beginning with a modal are finite.
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كل المجموعات الفعليه تبدأ بفعل مساعد محدد
Type 2 Have +Past Participle

This type is an expression of the perfect aspect. “Have” is used as a helping verb (auxiliary verb). The helping verb “have” is finite and changes according to person, number and tense.
هذا النوع يعبر عن الشكل التام Have يستخدم كفعل مساعدة (الفعل المساعد). الفعل مساعدة Have محدود والتغييرات وفقا لشخص، وعدد وزمن متوترة.

For example:
He has read the book already. (present perfect tense)
We have read the book already. (present perfect tense)
The students had already gathered in class when the teacher entered. (past perfect tense)

Type 3 BE +Present Participle

This type is an expression of the progressive aspect. “Be” is used as a helping verb (auxiliary verb). The helping verb “be” is finite and changes according to person, number and tense.
هذا النوع هو تعبير عن الجانب المستمر. "كن"Be يستخدم كفعل مساعد . الفعل مساعد" محدود ويتغير وفقا لشخص، وعدد وزمن متوترة.

For example:
He is coming. (present progressive)
They are coming. (present progressive)
He was waiting. (past progressive)
They were waiting. (past progressive)

Type 4 BE +Past Participle
This type produces the passive voice (in contrast with the active voice).
The verb is active in this example:
هذا النوع تنتج صيغة المبني للمجهول
هنا عن المبني للمعلوم
Ahmed broke the window. (active voice)
هنا المبني للمجهول
The verb is passive in this example:
The window was broken. (passive voice)

Type 5 DO +Infinitive

In this type, the helping verb “do” is called an operator. We call it an operator because it helps in a number of operations performed on the verb phrase (VP). Some of these operations are:
النفي Operation 1: Negative
To form the negative, we put “not” immediately after the operator.
e.g. He does not want it. They did not come here.
Operation 2: Interrogative (question)السؤال
The interrogative is formed by placing the operator before the subject and leaving the rest of the sentence unchanged.
e.g.
They come here.
Do they come here? (interrogative)
السؤال المذيل Operation 3: Tag question

He did his homework, didn’t he?

They don’t come here, do they?

[red roes1]

يعطيكِ العافيه

[KBJ911]

الله يبارك فيك

[ممتازة]

ممتاز ام البواااسل .......الله يعطيك العافية

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Operators
العوامل
In addition to “do, does and did”, operators also include:
1. The modal auxiliaries (can, could, may, might.. etc)

e.g.
Operation 1: He could not come.
Operation 2: Could he come?
Operation 3. He couldn’t come, could he?
2. “have”, “has”, “had” as helping verbs (and sometimes as main verbs in British English ).


The following are examples of “have” as helping verb operator::
Operation 1: They have not come yet.
Operation 2: Have they come already?
Operation 3: They haven’t come yet, have they?


This is an example of “have” as a main verb operator in British English:

Operation 2: Have you any money? (British English)

Compare:
Do you have any money? (American English)

3. “am”, “is”, “are”, “was”, “were” as main verbs and as auxiliary verbs.



The following are examples of “is” as a main verb operator:
Operation 1: He is not here.
Operation 2: Is he here.
Operation 3: He is here, isn’t he?


The following are examples of “is” as a helping verb operator:

Operation 1: He is not coming.
Operation 2: Is he coming?
Operation 3: He is not coming, is he?

هذا اخر جزء من المحاضره لكن ماعرفت أشرحه بالعربي الي يشوف نفسه فاهم او فاهمه بالعربي ياليت يشرحه
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/attachment.ph...0&d=1385010671
هذا شرح لقيته بالورشه