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ادب · 2014- 3- 7

Shakespeare's sonnet 18

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day

Thou art more lovely and more temperate

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May

And summer's lease hath all too short a date

Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines

And often is his gold complexion dimmed

And every fair from fair sometimes declines

By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed

But thy eternal summer shall not fade

Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest

Nor shall death brag thou wanderest in his shade

when in eternal lines to time thou growest

So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see

So long lives this. and this gives life to thee

_______________________________________
الترجمة الى العربية حتى يسهل فهمها:

سونيت 18
وليم شكسبير

هل أقارنكَ بيوم من أيام الصيف؟
أنكَ أحبّ من ذلك وأكثر رقة.
الرياح القاسية تعصف ببراعم مايو العزيزة،
وليس في الصيف سوى فرصة وجيزة.
.
تشرق عين السماء أحياناً بحرارة شديدة،
وغالباً ما يصير هذا الوهج الذهبي معتماً؛
والروعة بأسرها تتلاشى عنها روعتها يوما ما،
بالقدر أو الطبيعة التي قد تتغير دورتها بلا انتظام:
.
لكن صيفك الخالد لن يذوي أبدا
أو يفقد ما لديه من الحسن الذي تملكه،
ولا الموت يستطيع أن يطويك في ظلاله
عندما تكبر مع الزمن في الأسطر الخالدة.
.
فما دامت للبشر أنفاس تتردد وعيون ترى،
سيبقى هذا الشعر حيا، وفيه لك حياة أخرى.

_____________________________________

Summary

One of the best known of shakespeare's sonnets, sonnet 18 is memorable for the skillful and varied presentation of subject matter, in which the poet's feelings reach a level of rapture unseen in the previous sonnets. The poet here abandons his quest for the youth to have a child, and instead glories in the youth's beauty.

Initially, the poet poses a question — "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" — and then reflects on it, remarking that the youth's beauty far surpasses summer's delights. The imagery is the very essence of simplicity: "wind" and "buds." In the fourth line, legal terminology — "summer's lease" — is introduced in contrast to the commonplace images in the first three lines. Note also the poet's use of extremes in the phrases "more lovely," "all too short," and "too hot"; these phrases emphasize the young man's beauty.

Although lines 9 through 12 are marked by a more expansive tone and deeper feeling, the poet returns to the simplicity of the opening images. As one expects in shakespeare's sonnets, the proposition that the poet sets up in the first eight lines — that all nature is subject to imperfection — is now contrasted in these next four lines beginning with "But." Although beauty naturally declines at some point — "And every fair from fair sometime declines" — the youth's beauty will not; his unchanging appearance is atypical of nature's steady progression. Even death is impotent against the youth's beauty. Note the ambiguity in the phrase "eternal lines": Are these "lines" the poet's verses or the youth's hoped-for children? Or are they simply wrinkles meant to represent the process of aging? Whatever the answer, the poet is jubilant in this sonnet because nothing threatens the young man's beautiful appearance.

Then follows the concluding couplet: "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." The poet is describing not what the youth is but what he will be ages hence, as captured in the poet's eternal verse — or again, in a hoped-for child. Whatever one may feel about the sentiment expressed in the sonnet and especially in these last two lines, one cannot help but notice an abrupt change in the poet's own estimate of his poetic writing. Following the poet's disparaging reference to his "pupil pen" and "barren rhyme" in sonnet 16, it comes as a surprise in sonnet 18 to find him boasting that his poetry will be eternal.

________________________________________

ANALYSIS

temperate (1): i.e., evenly-tempered; not overcome by passion.

the eye of heaven (5): i.e., the sun.

every fair from fair sometime declines (7): i.e., the beauty (fair) of everything beautiful (fair) will fade (declines).
Compare to sonnet 116: "rosy lips and cheeks/Within his bending sickle's compass come."

nature's changing course ( i.e., the natural changes age brings.

that fair thou ow'st (10): i.e., that beauty you possess.

in eternal lines...growest (12): The poet is using a grafting metaphor in this line. Grafting is a technique used to join parts from two plants with cords so that they grow as one. Thus the beloved becomes immortal, grafted to time with the poet's cords (his "eternal lines"). For commentary on whether this sonnet is really "one long exercise in self-glorification", please see below.

Sonnet 18 is the best known and most well-loved of all 154 sonnets. It is also one of the most straightforward in language and intent. The stability of love and its power to immortalize the poetry and the subject of that poetry is the theme.

The poet starts the praise of his dear friend without ostentation, but he slowly builds the image of his friend into that of a perfect being. His friend is first compared to summer in the octave, but, at the start of the third quatrain (9), he is summer, and thus, he has metamorphosed into the standard by which true beauty can and should be judged.

THE END

2014- 3- 7	#5
ادب أكـاديـمـي ذهـبـي الملف الشخصي: رقم العضوية : 71994 تاريخ التسجيل: Wed Feb 2011 المشاركات: 804 الـجنــس : أنـثـى عدد الـنقـاط : 78261 مؤشر المستوى: 147 بيانات الطالب: الكلية: اذكرو الله يذكركم ويثبت اقدامكم ... الدراسة: انتساب التخصص: لا اله الا الله لا تنسى ذكر الله سبحان الله وبحمده سبحان الله العظيم المستوى: المستوى السادس	رد: Sonnet 18 Shakespeare's sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day Thou art more lovely and more temperate Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May And summer's lease hath all too short a date Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed And every fair from fair sometimes declines By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest Nor shall death brag thou wanderest in his shade when in eternal lines to time thou growest So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see So long lives this. and this gives life to thee _______________________________________ الترجمة الى العربية حتى يسهل فهمها: سونيت 18 وليم شكسبير هل أقارنكَ بيوم من أيام الصيف؟ أنكَ أحبّ من ذلك وأكثر رقة. الرياح القاسية تعصف ببراعم مايو العزيزة، وليس في الصيف سوى فرصة وجيزة. . تشرق عين السماء أحياناً بحرارة شديدة، وغالباً ما يصير هذا الوهج الذهبي معتماً؛ والروعة بأسرها تتلاشى عنها روعتها يوما ما، بالقدر أو الطبيعة التي قد تتغير دورتها بلا انتظام: . لكن صيفك الخالد لن يذوي أبدا أو يفقد ما لديه من الحسن الذي تملكه، ولا الموت يستطيع أن يطويك في ظلاله عندما تكبر مع الزمن في الأسطر الخالدة. . فما دامت للبشر أنفاس تتردد وعيون ترى، سيبقى هذا الشعر حيا، وفيه لك حياة أخرى. _____________________________________ Summary One of the best known of shakespeare's sonnets, sonnet 18 is memorable for the skillful and varied presentation of subject matter, in which the poet's feelings reach a level of rapture unseen in the previous sonnets. The poet here abandons his quest for the youth to have a child, and instead glories in the youth's beauty. Initially, the poet poses a question — "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" — and then reflects on it, remarking that the youth's beauty far surpasses summer's delights. The imagery is the very essence of simplicity: "wind" and "buds." In the fourth line, legal terminology — "summer's lease" — is introduced in contrast to the commonplace images in the first three lines. Note also the poet's use of extremes in the phrases "more lovely," "all too short," and "too hot"; these phrases emphasize the young man's beauty. Although lines 9 through 12 are marked by a more expansive tone and deeper feeling, the poet returns to the simplicity of the opening images. As one expects in shakespeare's sonnets, the proposition that the poet sets up in the first eight lines — that all nature is subject to imperfection — is now contrasted in these next four lines beginning with "But." Although beauty naturally declines at some point — "And every fair from fair sometime declines" — the youth's beauty will not; his unchanging appearance is atypical of nature's steady progression. Even death is impotent against the youth's beauty. Note the ambiguity in the phrase "eternal lines": Are these "lines" the poet's verses or the youth's hoped-for children? Or are they simply wrinkles meant to represent the process of aging? Whatever the answer, the poet is jubilant in this sonnet because nothing threatens the young man's beautiful appearance. Then follows the concluding couplet: "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." The poet is describing not what the youth is but what he will be ages hence, as captured in the poet's eternal verse — or again, in a hoped-for child. Whatever one may feel about the sentiment expressed in the sonnet and especially in these last two lines, one cannot help but notice an abrupt change in the poet's own estimate of his poetic writing. Following the poet's disparaging reference to his "pupil pen" and "barren rhyme" in sonnet 16, it comes as a surprise in sonnet 18 to find him boasting that his poetry will be eternal. ________________________________________ ANALYSIS temperate (1): i.e., evenly-tempered; not overcome by passion. the eye of heaven (5): i.e., the sun. every fair from fair sometime declines (7): i.e., the beauty (fair) of everything beautiful (fair) will fade (declines). Compare to sonnet 116: "rosy lips and cheeks/Within his bending sickle's compass come." nature's changing course ( i.e., the natural changes age brings. that fair thou ow'st (10): i.e., that beauty you possess. in eternal lines...growest (12): The poet is using a grafting metaphor in this line. Grafting is a technique used to join parts from two plants with cords so that they grow as one. Thus the beloved becomes immortal, grafted to time with the poet's cords (his "eternal lines"). For commentary on whether this sonnet is really "one long exercise in self-glorification", please see below. Sonnet 18 is the best known and most well-loved of all 154 sonnets. It is also one of the most straightforward in language and intent. The stability of love and its power to immortalize the poetry and the subject of that poetry is the theme. The poet starts the praise of his dear friend without ostentation, but he slowly builds the image of his friend into that of a perfect being. His friend is first compared to summer in the octave, but, at the start of the third quatrain (9), he is summer, and thus, he has metamorphosed into the standard by which true beauty can and should be judged. THE END