Language, Communication and translation
: اللغة والاتصالات والترجمة
A certain language system has its own feature and norms that people use to communicate with each other
.
2-
translation الترجمة
the term "translation" can refer to
: the general subject field, the product ( the text that gad been translation), the process ( the act of
producing the translation).
تعاريف لمصطلح الترجمة لبعض العلماء
3-
(Newmark:1988) :
Rendering the meaning of text into another language in
the way that the author intended the text".
4- (Brislin: 1976) :
translation is the general term referring to the
transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language (source) to another (target), whether the languages are in written or oral from : whether the languages have established orthographies or do not have such standardization or whether one or both language is based on signs, as with sign languages of the deaf.
5- (Farghal: 1999 (:
Translation is often regarded
as a project for transferring meaning from one language to another.
6-
Author:المؤلف
the originator the text whether it is oral or written.
7-
Text النص (Dickins: 2002) :
Any given stretch of speech or writing assumed to make coherent whole.
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a text maybe a single word like the sign or thousands of pages consists of many volumes
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Source text (ST) النص المصدر :
the text requiring translation
.
9-
Target text (TT) النص الهدف :
The text which is a translation of the ST
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Source Language (SL) اللغة المصدر :
the language in which the ST is written
.
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Target Language (TL) اللغة المستهدفة :
The language into which the ST is translated
.
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Strategy الاستراتيجية :
the translators overall plan consisting of a set of strategic decisions taken after an initial reading of the ST, But before starting detailed translation
13-
Translation studies (Baker)(1998/2008) دراسات الترجمة :
is now understood to refer to the academic discipline concerned with the study of translation at large, including literary and non-literary translation, various forms of oral interpreting as well as dubbing and subtitling.
14-
Katharina Reiss (1979/1989) : views the text, rather than the word or sentence, as the level at which communication is achieved and at which equivalence must be sought.
تصنيفات الانماط النصية لبعض العلماء