ÇáãÓÇÚÏ ÇáÔÎÕí ÇáÑÞãí

ãÔÇåÏÉ ÇáäÓÎÉ ßÇãáÉ : ãÐÇßÑÉ ÌãÇÚíÉ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ãÇÏÉ äÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ


ÇáÕÝÍÇÊ : 1 2 [3]

ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä
2013- 12- 30, 02:47 AM
Çíå ÎáÇÕ ÐßÑÊåÇ

ãÎí ÑÇíÍ ÝíåÇ íÇÌãÇÚÉ ÇáÎíÑ

soma985
2013- 12- 30, 02:51 AM
ÊÓáãí íÇÑÈ Çááå íÌÒÇß ÇáÎíÑ æíÍÞÞ ÇãäíÊß íÇÑÈ

ExcepTiOnal
2013- 12- 30, 02:53 AM
[CENTER][CENTER]Çíå ÎáÇÕ ÐßÑÊåÇ

ãÎí ÑÇíÍ ÝíåÇ íÇÌãÇÚÉ ÇáÎíÑ



ÇáÍÇá ãä ÈÚÖå :(
ÇÈÓæí äÝÓ ãÇÞÂáÊ ÞæáÏ ÞíÑá :sdfgdsf:
áÃäí ÌÏ ÈÏíÊ ÇÖíÚ ãä ÇáÍíä :"

soma985
2013- 12- 30, 03:01 AM
ãÇåí ÇäæÇÚ ÊÑÌãå

ÌÇãÚíå ÍÇáãå%
2013- 12- 30, 03:10 AM
Çááí ÚäÏÉ ÇÓÆá ÇáÚÇã æÇÓÆáÉ ÇÈæÈßÑ íÍØåÇÇÇ Çááå íÌÒÇÇå ÇáÌäå ÈÏææä ÍÓÇÇÈ

ãÏÇã ÇáÝåÏ
2013- 12- 30, 03:14 AM
- ãÍÇÖÑÉ ãÈÇÔÑÉ ËÇáËå ãä ÇáÇÑÔíÝ


The Language of Translation
- The Target Language
The interaction of the six elements of translation
5 - The Process of Translation
- What is the Process of Translation
- What are the stages recognised in the process of translation?
- Editing the source text
- Interpretation of the source text
- Interpretation in a new language
- Formulating the translated text
- Editing the formulation
6- Methods of Translation
• -
Dichotomy of Translation Emphasis
• Source Language Emphasis
q Word-for-word translation
q Literal Translation
q Faithful Translation
q Semantic Translation
• Target Language Emphasis
q Adaptation
q Free Translation
q Idiomatic Translation
q Communicative Translation
7- Translation & Culture
- Definitions
- Cultural Categories
- Ecology : flora, fauna, winds, plains, hills; ‘honeysuckles’, ‘downs’, ‘plateau’
- Material culture: (artefacts) (food, clothes, houses and towns, transport.
- Social culture: work and leisure
- Organisations, customs, activities, procedures and concepts:
- Political and administrative
- Religious
- Artistic
- Gestures and Habits : as in ‘spitting’
8- A Short Introduction to Arabic/English Translation
- Islam Emphasis on Learning Foreign Languages
- Translation in the early days of Islam
- Translation during the Abbasid Age (811-1331).
- Methods of Translation in the Abbasid Age
- Translation during the French Invasion of Egypt in 1789
- Translation during Muhammad Ali’s rule in Egypt (1805
- The effect of Arab Translators on European Movement of Translation – 1848)
9- Translation Versus Interpretation
- Translation Domains
- Translators’ tools and aids
- What is interpretation/interpreting
- Conference interpreting
- The Definition of a conference interpreter
- Types and Modes of Interpreting
- Differences between Translation and Interpreting
10- Computer-Aided Translation & Machine Translation
- What is the term ‘computer-aided translation’ (CAT)
- The importance of CAT
- CAT Tools
- What is Translation Memory Technology
- Types of segment matches in TM
- What is Machine Translation?
- Types of Machine Translation
- Most popular MT systems of today
11- Linguistic Problems in Arabic/English Translation
Part 1 \ Lexical Problems
- Main Categories of Translation Problems
- Translation Problems at Morpheme Level
- Translation Problems at Word Level
- Translation Problems above Word Level
12- Linguistic Problems in Arabic/English Translation
Part 2 Grammatical Problems
- Definition of Grammar
- Grammatical Translation Problems
A – number
B – gender
C – person
D – tense and aspect
E – voice
- Translation Problems & Word order
13- Cultural Problems in Arabic/English Translation
- The Concept of Culture
- Culture and Translation
- Examples of Cultural Problems in Arabic /English Translation
A - Political and Administrative
B – Religious
C – literary
D – Ecological

1 - What is translation ?
- The simple Definitions of translation
- Meaning of translation as a noun or a verb
- Advanced definitions of translation
- How can we achieve equivalence in translation ?
- Using the six wh – questions in looking for equivalence in translating a text
- What is a good translation ?
- Three laws of good translation
2- what is a translator ?
- Communication versus translation
- What is the difference between a normal communicator and a translator?
- How important are memory, meaning and language to another in the course of translation ?
- What does the translator’s knowledge-base contain ?
- What does the translator’s communicative competence consist of
- What are the primary characteristics of a good translator ?
3 – what is translation theory ?
- The meaning of the term ‘theory’
- The definition of a theory
- The definition of a model
- Main characteristics of a useful model
- Main characteristics of a theory
- What is translation theory ?
4 – Elements of Translation ?
- The six elements of translation
- The Source Language
- The Source Text
- The Translator
- The Translated Text

ãÏÇã ÇáÝåÏ
2013- 12- 30, 03:17 AM
ÎÇÏãÉ ÇáÞÑÇä
ÇÚÊÐÑ ÚÒíÒÊí Êæí ÇäÊÈå
ÌÇæÈæÇ ÇáÈäÇÊ Çááå íæÝÞåä æíÇß

ÂáÇÁ Al99
2013- 12- 30, 03:20 AM
-



åРßãÂä ÓÄÂá ãä ÃÓÆáÉ ÇáãÚÊÞá ãÂáå ÅÌÂÈÉ ..

It is the language into which a text from another language is translated.
a- The Language of Translation
b- The Source Text
c- The translated text
d- The Target Language

Âä ãä Ýåãí ÂÚÊÞÏ D ..
Âáí ÚÂÑÝ íÌæÂÈ !

w.al-Rashed
2013- 12- 30, 03:21 AM
As a means of communication, interpreting was used1)1
A. after translation.
B. just after translation
C. before translation.
D. along with translation

ãÏÑí ßäí ÞÑíÊ Çäå ÞÈá ÇáÊÑÂäÒáíÔä æá ¿
ÕÍ åÇáÇÌÇÈå ÊÊæÞÚæä :( ¿

SuN R!sE
2013- 12- 30, 03:23 AM
It is the language into which a text from another language is translated.
a- The Language of Translation
b- The Source Text
c- The translated text
d- The Target Language

ÂáÇÁ Al99
2013- 12- 30, 03:23 AM
^

á ÈáíÒ Âä ÍÂÝÙå Âäæ ÈíÝæÑ :(


ÔßÑ Óä¡ Òí ã ÂÚÊÞÏÊ <3

w.al-Rashed
2013- 12- 30, 03:23 AM
-




åРßãÂä ÓÄÂá ãä ÃÓÆáÉ ÇáãÚÊÞá ãÂáå ÅÌÂÈÉ ..

It is the language into which a text from another language is translated.
a- The Language of Translation
b- The Source Text
c- The translated text
d- The Target Language

Âä ãä Ýåãí ÂÚÊÞÏ D ..

Âáí ÚÂÑÝ íÌæÂÈ !



c- The translated text
Âããããã ãÏÑí ãäí ãÊÃßÏåÜ ÕÑÂÍå :verycute:

w.al-Rashed
2013- 12- 30, 03:24 AM
^



á ÈáíÒ Âä ÍÂÝÙå Âäæ ÈíÝæÑ :(



Çíå ÇäÇ ÈÚÏ ÃÐßÑ ßРÞÑíÊ .. ÂÌá ÎáÇÕ åæ ÈíÝæÑ .. :(204):

ÌæÑÌí~♥
2013- 12- 30, 03:25 AM
:(90):

SuN R!sE
2013- 12- 30, 03:38 AM
12) Hunayn bin Ishaq‟s method of translation was called
A. the free way method.
B. the faithful way method.
C. the literal way method.
D. the both ways method.

SuN R!sE
2013- 12- 30, 03:39 AM
) If you want to emphasize the Source Language in translation, you need to use
A. adaptation method in your translation.
B. idiomatic translation.
C. semantic translation
D. communicative translation

SuN R!sE
2013- 12- 30, 03:41 AM
Caliph Al-Mamun established
A. Dar Al-Tarjamah for translators.
B. Dar Al-Kitab for translators
C. Dar Al-Hikmah for translators
D. Dar Al-Qalam for translators

SuN R!sE
2013- 12- 30, 03:42 AM
Translation Memory Technology
A. helps the translator to translate effectively.
B. doesn’t allow the translator to store translations in a database and recycle them.
C. allows the translator to use different types of progrmmes
D. allows the translator to store translations in a database and recycle them.

SuN R!sE
2013- 12- 30, 03:43 AM
) Free translation is usually
A. a paraphrase much longer than the original.
B. a paraphrase as long as the original.
C. a paraphrase shorter than the original.
D. a paraphrase which is the same as the original.

ãÒÇÌßÜ
2013- 12- 30, 03:44 AM
It is the language into which a text from another language is translated.
a- The Language of Translation
b- The Source Text
c- The translated text
d- The Target Language




ÕæææÍ ÇÍÓäÊ

SuN R!sE
2013- 12- 30, 03:46 AM
As a means of communication, interpreting was used)
A. after translation.
B. just after translation
C. before translation.
D. along with translation</span>

SuN R!sE
2013- 12- 30, 03:47 AM
ÇáÇÌÇÈÇÊ ÇáÕÍíÍå ÇÚáÇå

åí Çááí ÊÍÊåÇ ÎØ

æÚÓÇßã ÓÇáãíä

SuN R!sE
2013- 12- 30, 03:49 AM
Grammar is organized along two main dimensions:
A. phonology and phonetics.
B. semantics and syntax.
C. morphology and phonetics.
D. morphology and syntax.

SuN R!sE
2013- 12- 30, 03:51 AM
Works on philosophy, medicine, engineering and logic were translated from
A. Persian into Arabic.
B. Greek into Arabic.
C. Latin into Arabic.
D. Anglo-Saxon into Arabic.

sofy safaa
2013- 12- 30, 03:51 AM
íÇ ÕÈÇÍ ÇáÝá Úáíßã ÑÈí íÓåá Úáíßã æÚáíÇ åÐå ÇáãÇÏå Çä ÔÇÁ Çááå Óåáå
ÈÓ ßäÊ ÚÇíÒÉ ÇÓÆáå ÇáÊÑã ÇáãÇÖí ÈíÞæáæ Çäå ÈíÌíÈ ÇÓÆáå ßÊíÑ ãä ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑÇÊ ÇáÚÇã ÇáãÇÖí ãä íÏáäí

SuN R!sE
2013- 12- 30, 03:52 AM
By „idiom‟ we mean
A. a figurative image.
B. a figurative expression.
C. a non- figurative expression.
D. a fixed figurative expression.

SuN R!sE
2013- 12- 30, 03:54 AM
áí ÈÇß Åä ÔÇÁááå ÞÑíÈ

ãæææÝÞíä :(204):

ãäì*
2013- 12- 30, 03:56 AM
åáÔí ÈáÐÇÊ Çááí ãÇÞÏÑÊ ÃÝåãå :007:

ããßä ÍÏ íæÖÍ æÇßæä ÔÇßÑå :verycute:

íÞæá ãä ÇáÝÑæÞÇÊ Èíä ÇáÊÑÌãå ÇáäÕíå æÇáÊÑÌãå ÇáÔÝåíå Çä ßá æÍÏå ÊÚÊãÏ Úáì äæÚ ãä ÇáÐÇßÑå
ÇáÊÑÌãå ÇáäÕíå ÊÇÎÐformal memory ÇáÔßá ÇáÚÇã æÇáßÇãá ááÊÑÌãå íÚäí áÇÒã Êßæä ÍÑÝíå æÊÊÑÌã ßá Ôí ÈÏÞå
æÇáÔÝåíå ÊÇÎÐ semantic memory ÊÑÌãÉ ÇáãÚäì Çæ ÇáãÖãæä íÚäí Çåã Ôí ÊæÕá ÇáãÚäì ãÈ áÇÒã ÊÊÑÌã ßá ÍÑÝ

ãÒÇÌßÜ
2013- 12- 30, 04:02 AM
åÐì áÇÊÓæäåÇ ÌÇÈåÇ ÇáÚÇã
a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language
by the same message and/or statement in another language”. This definition for translation was by:
a. Bell
b. Newmark
c. Catford

Caliph Al-Mamune stablished
A. Dar Al-Tarjamah for translators.
B. Dar Al-Kitab for translators
C. Dar Al-Hikmah for translators
D. Dar Al-Qalam for translators
ÚßÓ ÇáÓæÇá ÌæÇÈ


Communicative translation is to render
A. the general meaning of the original text.
B. the exact contextual meaning of the original text.
C. the nearest meaning to the original text.
D. the exact meaning of the original text.


Hunayn bin Ishaq‟s method of translation was called
A. the free way method.
B. the faithful way method.
C. the literal way method.
D. the both ways method.


Material culture covers the following :
A. camels, donkeys, and horses.
B. kings, presidents, prime ministers.
C. hockey, snooker, squash and crickets
D. food, clothes, houses, towns and transport.
ØÈÚÇ ÛíÑ ÈÕíÇÛÉ ÇáÇÓÆáå


Semantic translationis
A. less flexible than faithful translation.
B. as flexible as faithful translation.
C. more flexible than faithful translation.
D. not a flexible translation.


Translation Memory Technology
A. helps the translator to translate effectively.
B. doesn’t allow the translator to store translations in a database and recycle them.
C. allows the translator to use different types of progrmmes
D. allows the translator to store translations in a database and recycle them

sofy safaa
2013- 12- 30, 04:04 AM
íÞæá ãä ÇáÝÑæÞÇÊ Èíä ÇáÊÑÌãå ÇáäÕíå æÇáÊÑÌãå ÇáÔÝåíå Çä ßá æÍÏå ÊÚÊãÏ Úáì äæÚ ãä ÇáÐÇßÑå
ÇáÊÑÌãå ÇáäÕíå ÊÇÎÐformal memory ÇáÔßá ÇáÚÇã æÇáßÇãá ááÊÑÌãå íÚäí áÇÒã Êßæä ÍÑÝíå æÊÊÑÌã ßá Ôí ÈÏÞå
æÇáÔÝåíå ÊÇÎÐ semantic memory ÊÑÌãÉ ÇáãÚäì Çæ ÇáãÖãæä íÚäí Çåã Ôí ÊæÕá ÇáãÚäì ãÈ áÇÒã ÊÊÑÌã ßá ÍÑÝ



ãÚáÔ íÇÞãÑ åÊÚÈß ÈÓ ãÇ ÞÏÑÊæ ÊæÕá Çáí ÇÓÆáå ÇáÊÑã ÇáãÇÖí ÈíÞæáæ Çäå ÈíÌíÈ ÇÓÆáå ßÊíÑ ãä ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑÇÊ ÇáãÇÖíå

ãÏÇã ÇáÝåÏ
2013- 12- 30, 04:06 AM
-1-

Being preoccupied with the translation of literary texts as a pastime activity, scholars of the last century looked at translation as
a science
a craft
an art
a profession


-2-
Translation is considered as
a model of explanation
a model of communication
a model of representation
a model of information


-3-
The memory of the translator is like
a container of good time memories only
a container of records of academic information only
a container of records of future events only
a container of records of past experiences and plans for action

ãÏÇã ÇáÝåÏ
2013- 12- 30, 04:07 AM
-1-
Translator’s grammatical competence includes
Cohesion in form
Coherence in meaning
Utterances in context
Vocabulary/ word formation,/pronunciation/spelling and sentence structure

-2-
In modern science the term ‘theory’ refers to
a declaration of success in empirical science
a proposed explanation of empirical phenomena
a practical illustration of empirical phenomena
an empirical investigation of a real world problem

-3-
As one of the main characteristics of ‘theory’, ‘empiricism’ means that
it must be to able to predict
it must be testable
it must be simple
it must be comprehensive

ãÏÇã ÇáÝåÏ
2013- 12- 30, 04:07 AM
ÇáÓÄÇá ÇáÇæá:
1 - 1) If you want to emphasize the Source Language in translation, you need to use

communicative translation
adaptation method in your translation.
idiomatic translation
semantic translation

ÇáÓÄÇá ÇáËÇäí:
2 - 2) Free translation is usually

a paraphrase much longer than the original
a paraphrase as long as the original
a paraphrase shorter than the original
a paraphrase which is the same as the original

ÇáÓÄÇá ÇáËÇáË:
3 - 3) The term ‘ecology’ covers the following :

traditions and habits
activities, procedures, and concepts
flora, fauna, winds and plains
religious rituals and artistic features

ÇáÓÄÇá ÇáÑÇÈÚ:
4 - 4) It would be no exaggeration to call Muhammad Ali’s time

The Period of Civilization
The Period of Translation
The Period of Communication
The Period of Enlightenment

-ßÈÑíÇÁ-
2013- 12- 30, 04:18 AM
Çááå íÚØíßã ÇáÚÇÝíå íÇÑÈ

ãäì*
2013- 12- 30, 04:23 AM
ãÚáÔ íÇÞãÑ åÊÚÈß ÈÓ ãÇ ÞÏÑÊæ ÊæÕá Çáí ÇÓÆáå ÇáÊÑã ÇáãÇÖí ÈíÞæáæ Çäå ÈíÌíÈ ÇÓÆáå ßÊíÑ ãä ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑÇÊ ÇáãÇÖíå

ÔæÝí åÇáãæÖæÚ
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/showthread.php?t=537041
:rose:

-ßÈÑíÇÁ-
2013- 12- 30, 04:30 AM
This form of translation is sometimes called lively ‘natural translation
free translation
Idiomatic translation
communicative translation
faith fall translation

íÇááå ÇáÔÇØÑ íÍáåÇ ,, æÇáí ÕÇÍí ,,

sofy safaa
2013- 12- 30, 04:32 AM
ÔæÝí åÇáãæÖæÚ
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/showthread.php?t=537041
:rose:

íÇ ÚãÑí ÑÈí íÓÚÏß æíæÝÞß æíÓåá Úáíß
Çä ÔÇÁ Çááå íÌí ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ãä åÇáÇÓÆáå æíØáÚ ÇÎÊÈÇÑ Óåá
Çááå íæÝÞßã æíæÝÞäí :004:

PARIS
2013- 12- 30, 04:49 AM
This form of translation is sometimes called lively ‘natural translation
free translation
Idiomatic translation
communicative translation
faith fall translation

íÇááå ÇáÔÇØÑ íÍáåÇ ,, æÇáí ÕÇÍí ,,

ÇÐÇ ãæ åí ÇáÇÌÇÈå ÇÌá ÇáÇæáì ! :wink:

-ßÈÑíÇÁ-
2013- 12- 30, 04:53 AM
ÇÐÇ ãæ åí ÇáÇÌÇÈå ÇÌá ÇáÇæáì ! :wink:


áÇ Îáíßí ßíÏÇ ,, ßíÏÇ Íáææíä,, :(204):

-ßÈÑíÇÁ-
2013- 12- 30, 04:55 AM
one of this interpret
free translation
Idiomatic translation
communicative translation
semantic translation

----
one of this explain.
free translation
Idiomatic translation
communicative translation
semantic translation

-ßÈÑíÇÁ-
2013- 12- 30, 05:03 AM
one of this interpret
free translation
idiomatic translation
communicative translation
semantic translation

----
one of this explain.
Free translation
idiomatic translation
communicative translation
semantic translation

ãÇ íÕÍÔ ßíÏÇ äÇíãíä :019:< ÞáÈÊ ãÕÑí

sofy safaa
2013- 12- 30, 05:54 AM
ãÇ íÕÍÔ ßíÏÇ äÇíãíä :019:< ÞáÈÊ ãÕÑí

ÔØæÑÉ ÑÈäÇ íæÝÞäÇ
ÇäÇ ãÕÑíå Úáí ÝßÑÉ :119:

PARIS
2013- 12- 30, 05:55 AM
ÇÓÆáÉ äÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãå
ÇÓÆáå áäÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãå ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ÇáÇæáì
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/quiz.php?do=take&quiz_id=2466
ÚÏÏ ÇáÃÓÆáÉ: 24




Øáæ Úáí åÇáßæíÒ : )

-ßÈÑíÇÁ-
2013- 12- 30, 06:05 AM
ÔØæÑÉ ÑÈäÇ íæÝÞäÇ
ÇäÇ ãÕÑíå Úáí ÝßÑÉ :119:
æÇáäÚã æ ÍíÇßí Çááå ,, :rose:

sofy safaa
2013- 12- 30, 06:13 AM
æÇáäÚã æ ÍíÇßí Çááå ,, :rose:

ãíÑÓí íÇ ÞãÑÇíå ÑÈäÇ íÓÚÏß íæÝÞß íÇÑÈ

ãäì*
2013- 12- 30, 06:17 AM
ÇáÍíä ÇáÇíÇÊ æÊÑÌãÉ ÝÇØãå æÇáÞÕÇÆÏ Çááí ÈÇáäåÇíÇÊ äÍÝÙåÇ æÇáÇ áÇ ¿

ãäì*
2013- 12- 30, 06:20 AM
Øáæ Úáí åÇáßæíÒ : )

ÏÑÌÇÊ Çááí Úáì ÌäÈ ãÇÊÈÔÑ ÈÎíÑ :16.jpg:
ÈÑæÍ ÇÌÑÈ æÇÔæÝ íÇÑÈ Úáì ÇáÇÞá ÇÌíÈ 99٪ :16.jpg:

PARIS
2013- 12- 30, 06:42 AM
ÏÑÌÇÊ Çááí Úáì ÌäÈ ãÇÊÈÔÑ ÈÎíÑ :16.jpg:
ÈÑæÍ ÇÌÑÈ æÇÔæÝ íÇÑÈ Úáì ÇáÇÞá ÇÌíÈ 99٪ :16.jpg:


åååååååååååå
ÇÞÚÏí ÚíÏí ÈÇáßæíÒ áíä ÊÌíÈíä ÇáÏÑÌå ßÇãáå :41jg:

tahani200
2013- 12- 30, 06:51 AM
ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ÇáËáÇË ÇáÇÎíÑå ãåãå Çæ áÇ ááÓãÚ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ÇáãÈÇÔÑå ÈáíÒ ÑÏææ ÈÓÑÚå
áÇäí ÓãÚÊ æÍÏå ãä ÇáÇÎæÇÊ ÊÞæá ãåãíä åá ÇáßáÇã ÕÍíÍ

PARIS
2013- 12- 30, 06:54 AM
ÊåÇäí ..
ãÑí Ú ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ßáåÇ
æÇá ١٤ ãÑÇÌÚå :16.jpg:
æÇáãÈÇÔÑå Ú ßáÇã ÇáÈäÇÊ ãÇÞÇá Ôí :icon1:

PARIS
2013- 12- 30, 06:59 AM
To achieve the equivalence in translating text . we should look in to the ...
1-six-wh-questions
2-eight-wh-questions
3-three-wh-question






:) ¿

shush.saud
2013- 12- 30, 07:02 AM
to achieve the equivalence in translating text . We should look in to the ...
1-six-wh-questions
2-eight-wh-questions
3-three-wh-question



:biggrin:


:) ¿


åíÏÇ Íßí åíÏÇ ßáÇã

PARIS
2013- 12- 30, 07:06 AM
åíÏÇ Íßí åíÏÇ ßáÇã


oyaaa :(204):

PARIS
2013- 12- 30, 07:07 AM
Both communicators and translators need to ..........the text . 1-deconstruct
2-deconstruct and reconstruct
3-only reconstruct

PARIS
2013- 12- 30, 07:15 AM
Both communicators and translators need to ..........the text . 1-deconstruct
2-deconstruct and reconstruct
3-only reconstruct


Ôßáí ÈÕíÑ ãÚ äÝÓí :sm18:

~ äæäÇ
2013- 12- 30, 07:29 AM
íÇÍáæÇÊ Çááí ãÚåÇ ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáãÚÊÞá ÊÏíäí åíÇ :)

ãÏÑí ÈÇí ÕÝÍÉ äÒáæåÇ æÚÌÒÊ ÇÏæÑåÇ

Hanin G
2013- 12- 30, 07:37 AM
íÇÍáæÇÊ Çááí ãÚåÇ ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáãÚÊÞá ÊÏíäí åíÇ :)

ãÏÑí ÈÇí ÕÝÍÉ äÒáæåÇ æÚÌÒÊ ÇÏæÑåÇ

ÏæÊÓ ..

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t536796.html

:004:

äÏì ÇáÚÇáã
2013- 12- 30, 07:39 AM
2) Translation is considered as:-
a) a model of explanation
b) a model of communication
c) a model of representation
d) a model of information ÇÔ ÇáÍá ÖÑÈÊ ÝíæÒí

PARIS
2013- 12- 30, 07:44 AM
2)
Translation is considered as:-
a) a model of explanation
b) a model of communication
c) a model of representation

d) a model of information ÇÔ ÇáÍá ÖÑÈÊ ÝíæÒí


Çä ãÇÎÇÈ Ùäí

-ßÈÑíÇÁ-
2013- 12- 30, 07:44 AM
2) Translation is considered as:-
a) a model of explanation
b) a model of communication
c) a model of representation
d) a model of information ÇÔ ÇáÍá ÖÑÈÊ ÝíæÒí



ÇÚÊÞÏ ÇäåÇ a model of communication

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 07:53 AM
b) a model of communication



ÕÈÇÍ ÇáæÑÏ

:(311)::(311):

Hanin G
2013- 12- 30, 07:54 AM
Communication åæ ÇáÌæÇÈ ÇáÕÍíÍ .. :o

PARIS
2013- 12- 30, 07:54 AM
The......is the text which result from the translation process .
1-source text ST
2-translated text TT
3-source language SL







The translated text ........
1-keep the same receiver of a same language
2-chang the receiver of new language .
3-he can choose whether change the receiver or keep the old one

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 08:03 AM
In literary problem,
no matter how skillful the translator may be, he/she still falls victim to the historical, social or cultural associations and connotations attached to literary texts. In Wormhoudt’s translation of Al-Mutanabi, for :example, mistakes arising from the gaps in the translator’s cultural knowledge of
a- Religions
b- Politics
c-Animals
d- All false

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 08:10 AM
One of the grammatical problem in translation is the problem of word order .In English and Arabic :

a- Word order in English is relatively fixed.
b- Arabic does not have fixed word order.
c- Both true.
d- Both false.

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 08:14 AM
In literary problem,
no matter how skillful the translator may be, he/she still falls victim to the historical, social or cultural associations and connotations attached to literary texts. In Wormhoudt’s translation of Al-Mutanabi, for :example, mistakes arising from the gaps in the translator’s cultural knowledge of

a- Religions
b- Politics
c-Animals
d- All false


One of the grammatical problem in translation is the problem of word order .In English and Arabic :

a- Word order in English is relatively fixed.
b- Arabic does not have fixed word order.
c- Both true.
d- Both false.

~ äæäÇ
2013- 12- 30, 08:18 AM
It is the language into which a text from another language is translated.
a- The Language of Translation
b- The Source Text
c- The translated text
d- The Target Language

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 08:20 AM
One of cultural problems in Arabic /English translation is the (Political and Administrative). This involves terms or expressions that have :

a- Social implications
b- Religious implications
c- Political implications
d- All false

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 08:23 AM
d- The Target Language



into which a text áÃäå ÞÇá

Hanin G
2013- 12- 30, 08:29 AM
One of cultural problems in Arabic /English translation is the (Political and Administrative). This involves terms or expressions that have :

a- Social implications
b- Religious implications
c- Political implications
d- All false

ÇÊæÞÚ ÇáÌæÇÈ åæ political .. :Looking_anim:

PARIS
2013- 12- 30, 08:31 AM
...........makes a distinction between culture and civilization.

1-taylor
2-new mark
3-al-jundi




............defines culture as (( the way of life and it's manifestations that are peculiar to.....))
1-taylor
2-new mark
3-al-jundi

PARIS
2013- 12- 30, 08:33 AM
...........defines culture as (( complex whole wich includes knowledge , belief , art , morals ,....etc))
1-taylor
2-new mark
3-al-jundi







Word order is .........important in translation

. 1-not
2-not very
3-extremely







Number – gender – voice – tense and aspect )) are ;
1-word problems
2-grammatical problems

ÓÌÏÉ ÙáÇã
2013- 12- 30, 08:40 AM
-Gender:- ÊÍÏíÏ ÇáÌöäÓ
Gender is a grammatical distinction according to which a noun or pronoun is classified as either masculine or feminine in some language
(ãÐßÑ @ãæäË)

åÇáÊÚÑíÝ

ãÌÑÏ ÇÍÓÇÓ ÈíÌí

ÓÌÏÉ ÙáÇã
2013- 12- 30, 08:45 AM
ÈÇÑíÓ æÇÕáí
æÇááå íÍãíß íÍãíß:(204):

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 08:50 AM
ÇÊæÞÚ ÇáÌæÇÈ åæ political .. :Looking_anim:


íÇáíÊ íßæä ÌæÇÈß ÕÍ ÈÓ ááÃÓÝ:sm4::sm4::sm4:
ÇáÌæÇÈ ÇáÕÍíÍ åæ
b- Religious implications


æááÊÃßÏ ãä ÕÍÉ ÇáÌæÇÈ
Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ 13 ÇáÔÑíÍÉ 6 ÇáÓØÑ 3 ãä ÇáÓÝá Çáì ÇáÇÚáì:106::106::106:

Hanin G
2013- 12- 30, 09:25 AM
íÇáíÊ íßæä ÌæÇÈß ÕÍ ÈÓ ááÃÓÝ:sm4::sm4::sm4:
ÇáÌæÇÈ ÇáÕÍíÍ åæ
b- Religious implications


æááÊÃßÏ ãä ÕÍÉ ÇáÌæÇÈ
Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ 13 ÇáÔÑíÍÉ 6 ÇáÓØÑ 3 ãä ÇáÓÝá Çáì ÇáÇÚáì:106::106::106:

ãÇæÕáÊ ãÍÇÖÑÉ 13 .. :biggrin: :060:
ÈÓ ÈæÍÏÉ ãä ÇáÍÇÖÑÇÊ ßÇä Ýíå Ôí ãÔÇÈå ÌÏÇ æÇáÌæÇÈ ßÇä political .. :g2:


Çáãåã .¡ ÊÚÑÝíä ÇíÔ åæ ÇáÊÚÑíÝ Çáí Ýíå ßáãÉ (Èíä ÇáÓØæÑ) ..¿!
ÚÌÒÊ ÇÊÐßÑ æÔ ßÇä .. :bawling:

ÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ
2013- 12- 30, 09:42 AM
ÈáíÒ
ÇÍÏ ÚäÏå ãáÎÕ ãíÓ åíÝÇ ßÇãá

æÇáæÇÌÈÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÊ

-ßÈÑíÇÁ-
2013- 12- 30, 09:51 AM
ÈáíÒ
ÇÍÏ ÚäÏå ãáÎÕ ãíÓ åíÝÇ ßÇãá

æÇáæÇÌÈÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÊ

åÐÇ ãáÎÕ ÓáØÇä ÇÎÐ ÇáÊÑÌãå ãä ãÓ åíÝÇ ,,
Íáæ ÈÇáãÐÇßÑå

:
ÍÇæáÊ ÇÍãá ãáÝ ãÓ åíÝÇ ÈÓ íÞæá ßÈíÑ ,,

ÛÜÜÜÇáíÜÜÜÜÜÜÉ
2013- 12- 30, 09:57 AM
åäÇ áÞíÊ ÈÚÖ ÇÓÆáå ÇáÚÇã ãä ãæÖæÚ ÇäØÈÇÚßã Úä ÇÎÊÈÇÑ äÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãå .....

ÈÍØ ßã ÓÄÇá ááÇÌíÇá ÇáÞÇÏãå !!



semantic translaion is - 1

A- less flxible than faithful translation
B- as flexibale as faithful
C- not a flexibale than faithful translation
d- more flexibale than faithful translation

literary transltion involves the transltion of -2

A legal documents and scripts
B- prose and poetry
C- econmics and drama
D- novel and history

one of the main characteristice of translation is - 3

A- adapting
B- communicating
C- paraphrasing
D- rephrasing

A&B ÛáØ áÇäå ãä ÇÞÓÇã ÇáÊÑÌãå (Emphasis) Çááí ÐßÑÊ Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ 6 .

íÚäí ÇÍÏ íÓÇÚÏäÇ Ýí ÇáÌæÇÈ ¿¿¿



editing the source text is - 4 ( ÊÍÑíÑ ÇáäÕ ÇáãÕÏÑ) ãÍÇÖÑå 5

A- the study of the target text for establishing is authership and authentics
B- the study of the translated text for establishing its authership and authentics
C- the study of the source text for establishing its authership their auther
D- the study of the source and target texts for establishing thir auther

A& B ÇÌÇÈÊåã ÞÑíÈå ãä ÈÚÖ áßä ÈÚÏ ÊÑÌãÊÚã æÇáÑÌæÚ ááãÍÊæì B ÕÍ .




http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t461044-20.html

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 10:00 AM
ÕÍ Úáíß åÐÇ ÇÐÇ ÌÇß åÐÇ ÇáÓÄÇá :
An example of political/administrative problems in translating from Arabic to English
a- ãÌáÓ ÇáÔæÑì
b- ÇáãáßíÉ
c- ÅÏÇÑÉ ÔÆæä ÇáÚÇãáíä
d- All false

æåÐÇ ÊÚÑíÝå :
Political/diplomatic : involves the translation of texts relating to diplomacy and politics.


æÇÐÇ áÞíÊ ÔíÆ ËÇäí ÈíÝíÏß æáÇ íåãß ÇÌíÈå áß


ãæÝÞå

i am legend
2013- 12- 30, 10:02 AM
Ðí ãä ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáÊÑã Çááí ØÇÝ ..!!



semantic translaion is
A- less flxible than faithful translation
B- as flexibale as faithful
C- not aflexibale than faithful translation
d- moreflexibale than faithful translation

literary transltion involves the transltion of
A legal documents and scripts
B- prose and poetry
C- econmics and drama
D- novel and history

one of the main characteristice of translation is
A- adapting
B- communicating
C- paraphrasing
D- rephrasing

editing the source text is
A- the study of the target text for establishing is authership and authentics
B- the study of the translated text for establishing its authership and authentics
C- the study of the source text for establishing its authership their auther
D- the study of the source and target texts for establishing thir auther

ÛÜÜÜÇáíÜÜÜÜÜÜÉ
2013- 12- 30, 10:12 AM
literary transltion involves the transltion of

A legal documents and scripts
B- prose and poetry åæ ÇáÕÍíÍ
C- econmics and drama
D- novel and history

i am legend
2013- 12- 30, 10:13 AM
ÇáÚÔÑíä ÓÄÇá ÍÞÊ ÇáãÑÇÌÚå ..

ÛÜÜÜÇáíÜÜÜÜÜÜÉ
2013- 12- 30, 10:14 AM
ÈÚÖ ÇáÇÓÆáÉ ãä ÇÎÊÈÇÑäÇ æÇÊæÞÚ ÇßËÑåÇ äÈåÊ ÚáíåÇ ÈÃÓÆáÉ ÇáãÑÇÌÚÉ


Target Language knowledge (TL)*

Text-Type knowledge*

Source Language knowledge (SL)*
Subject-area knowledge*
And contrastive knowledge*


4. ----------Generality It must be comprehensive

The Translator :
The translator is the most important element in translation, without him translation does not happen.


What is the Process of Translation

1. It is a complex cognitive operation which takes place in the mind of the translator.

1. Ecology : flora, fauna, winds, plains, hills; ‘honeysuckles’, ‘downs’, ‘plateau’

2. Material culture: (artefacts) (food, clothes, houses and towns, transport.



• In the time of Caliph Al-Mamun, translation prospered and expanded. He established Dar Al-Ĥikmah (The House of Wisdom) for translators.


Yūĥanna bin Batriq’s method, the literal way



• Ĥunayn bin Isĥaq’s method –the free way

Literary: involves the translation of prose and poetry.


1. Simultaneous Interpretation:

In this kind of interpretation, the interpreter listens to what is being
said and then translates it orally and simultaneously into the TL.



What is Machine Translation?
Machine Translation involves the use of computer programmes to translate texts from one natural language into another automatically.



 Grammar is the set of rules which determines the way in which units such as words and phrases can be combined in a language.

 Grammar is organised along two main dimensions morphology and syntax:

 Morphology covers the structure of words, the way in which the form of a word changes to indicate specific contrast in grammatical system:

for instance ,most nouns in English have two forms a singular form and a plural form man/men, child /children/ car/cars.

 Syntax covers the grammatical structure of groups, clauses and sentences:

the linear sequences of such classes of words, such as nouns, verbs, adverbs and adjectives, and functional elements such as subject, predicator and object which are allowed in a given language.


ØÈÚÇ åÇáÝÞÑå ÌÇÈ ÚáíåÇÊÞÑíÈÇ 4 ÇÓÆáÉ


http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t461044-10.html

ÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ
2013- 12- 30, 10:14 AM
ÇáæÇÌÈÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÊ

ÈáíÒ:007:

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 10:15 AM
D- rephrasing

Hanin G
2013- 12- 30, 10:22 AM
one of the main characteristice of translation is
A- adapting
B- communicating
C- paraphrasing
D- rephrasing

ÈÃí ãÍÇÖÑÉ åÐÇ ..¿!

-ßÈÑíÇÁ-
2013- 12- 30, 10:24 AM
one of the main characteristice of translation is
a- adapting
b- communicating
c- paraphrasing
d- rephrasing
Çí ãÍÇÖÑå åÐÇ ,, <

sho_sho
2013- 12- 30, 10:25 AM
ÓáÇã áßá ÇáãÊæÇÌÏíä æÈÇáÊæÝíÞ íÇÑÈ
ÍÈíÊ ÇÓÃáßã ÇáÍíä ÇáÇãËáå æÊÑÌÊãÊåÇ ÈÇáÚÑÈí ÊÊæÞÚæä íÌíÈåÇ æÔ Óæí澂 ÐÇßÑÊæåÇ

ÇäÚÇÔ Íáã
2013- 12- 30, 10:26 AM
ÕÑÇÍÉ Ýí ÇáãäÊÏí ãÊíä ÇáÝ ßæÒ :000:


ãÏÑí ÈÕÑÇÍÉ ÈÚÖåÇ ÇÌÇÈÊÉ ãÔßßæß ÝíåÇ

ÈÐÇßÑ ãä ÇáãÍÊæí æÇááí íÕíÑ íÕíÑ


ãä ÎÇãÓÉ ááÓÇÈÚÉ ãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ãÇÊäÈáÚ ßáåÇ ãÊÔÇÈßÉ æÝßÑÊåÇ æÍÏÉ

ÇÎÑ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ÊÎÊÝí Óá æÊá :16.jpg:


ãæÝÞíä :106:

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 10:31 AM
ãÇæÕáÊ ãÍÇÖÑÉ 13 .. :biggrin: :060:
ÈÓ ÈæÍÏÉ ãä ÇáÍÇÖÑÇÊ ßÇä Ýíå Ôí ãÔÇÈå ÌÏÇ æÇáÌæÇÈ ßÇä political .. :g2:


Çáãåã .¡ ÊÚÑÝíä ÇíÔ åæ ÇáÊÚÑíÝ Çáí Ýíå ßáãÉ (Èíä ÇáÓØæÑ) ..¿!
ÚÌÒÊ ÇÊÐßÑ æÔ ßÇä .. :bawling:


Çíå íÇÞãÑ ÃÚÑÝ
Çááí Èíä ÇáÓØæÑ :

word - for word translation :
It is an interlinear translation , with the TL immediately below the SL words.

ÛÜÜÜÇáíÜÜÜÜÜÜÉ
2013- 12- 30, 10:36 AM
one of the main characteristice of translation is
a- adapting
b- communicating
c- paraphrasing
d- rephrasing


//
æÇÍÏÉ ãä characteristice ÇáÑÆíÓí ÇáÊÑÌãÉ
Úáì ÈÚÏ ÇáÊßíÝ
È ÇáÊæÇÕá
Ì ÅÚÇÏÉ ÇáÕíÇÛÉ
Ï ÅÚÇÏÉ ÕíÇÛÉ

//

ÈÍË Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ 4 æ5 áÇä ÐßÑ Ýíåã ÇáÕíÇÛå áßä ãÇáÞíÊ äÝÓ ÇáÝÞÑÇÊ ¿¿¿!!!!!

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 10:37 AM
Çí ãÍÇÖÑå åÐÇ ,, <



Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÓÇÏÓÉ

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 10:41 AM
ÇáæÇÌÈÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÊ

ÈáíÒ:007:


ÊÝÖáí :rose::rose:

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 10:45 AM
one of the main characteristice of translation is
a- adapting
b- communicating
c- paraphrasing
d- rephrasing


//
æÇÍÏÉ ãä characteristice ÇáÑÆíÓí ÇáÊÑÌãÉ
Úáì ÈÚÏ ÇáÊßíÝ
È ÇáÊæÇÕá
Ì ÅÚÇÏÉ ÇáÕíÇÛÉ
Ï ÅÚÇÏÉ ÕíÇÛÉ

//

ÈÍË Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ 4 æ5 áÇä ÐßÑ Ýíåã ÇáÕíÇÛå áßä ãÇáÞíÊ äÝÓ ÇáÝÞÑÇÊ ¿¿¿!!!!!


ÈÇáäÓÈÉ áí æåÐÇ ÇÌÊåÇÏ ÔÎÕí " íÚäí íãßä íßæä ÕÍ æíãßä ÛáØ "

ÇÎÊÇÑ : d- rephrasing

áÇä ãÚäÇåÇ æÇÍÏ Çááí åæ ÇÚÇÏÉ ÕíÇÛÉ

ÇãÇ :c- paraphrasing

ÊÌí ÈãÚäì ÇÞÊÈÇÓ + ÇÚÇÏÉ ÕíÇÛå ÇÔæÝ ÝíåÇ áÈÓ


æÇááí íÊÃßÏ ãä ÇáÌæÇÈ íÓÚÝäÇ:sm5:

-ßÈÑíÇÁ-
2013- 12- 30, 10:47 AM
Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÓÇÏÓÉ


ãÇ ÇÚÊÞÏ ÇäåÇ ÇáÓÇÏÓå ,, æÇÍÓ ÇáÓÄÇá Ýíå ÎØÃ

ÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ
2013- 12- 30, 10:48 AM
æááãÑÉ ÇáãÆÉ

ÇáæÇÌÈÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÊ

ãÚÞæáÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇËÑÊ ÝíäÇ

ååå ÈÇßÈÑ ÎØØ ÚáÔÇä ÊäÈåæ

Hanin G
2013- 12- 30, 10:50 AM
Çíå íÇÞãÑ ÃÚÑÝ
Çááí Èíä ÇáÓØæÑ :

word - for word translation :
It is an interlinear translation , with the TL immediately below the SL words.


ÈÇÑßó Çááåõ Ýíßö .. :d5:

ÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ
2013- 12- 30, 10:51 AM
ËÇäßÓ ÇÌãá

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 10:52 AM
ãÇ ÇÚÊÞÏ ÇäåÇ ÇáÓÇÏÓå ,, æÇÍÓ ÇáÓÄÇá Ýíå ÎØÃ


ÇáÇ Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÓÇÏÓÉ

ÊÍÊ ÚäæÇä : Dichotomy of Translation Emphasis

:(204)::(204):

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 10:56 AM
ÈÇÑßó Çááåõ Ýíßö .. :d5:

:53::53::53:

æÝíß íÇÛÇáíå


:rose::rose::rose:

-ßÈÑíÇÁ-
2013- 12- 30, 10:57 AM
ÇáÇ Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÓÇÏÓÉ

ÊÍÊ ÚäæÇä : Dichotomy of Translation Emphasis

:(204)::(204):

ãÇ ÝåãÊ íÚäí ÇáÓÄÇá < ÎÇÑÌ Úä ÇáäÕ << :5aga:

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 10:58 AM
ËÇäßÓ ÇÌãá



æáæ ÊÓÊÇåáíä ßá ÎíÑ :106::106::106:



æÇáÊÚÇæä ãØáæÈ:71::71:

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 10:59 AM
ãÇ ÝåãÊ íÚäí ÇáÓÄÇá < ÎÇÑÌ Úä ÇáäÕ << :5aga:


ãÇ ÃÊæÞÚ

ÃÓÃáÊå ÏÇÆãÇ ÏÇÎáíå æÏÞíÞÉ ÈÚÖ ÇáÔíÆ:33_asmilies-com:

ÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ
2013- 12- 30, 11:04 AM
3) The term ‘ecology’ covers the following :

3)traditions and habits


activities, procedures, and concepts
flora, fauna, winds and plains
religious rituals and artistic features


ÇáÇÌÇÈÉ ÇáÕÍíÍíÉ ÑÞã æÇÍÏ

åÐÇ ãä ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáæÇÌÈ

Hanin G
2013- 12- 30, 11:05 AM
ßÈÑíÇÁ .¡
ÐÇ ÇáÓÄÇá ãØáÚå ãä ÍÔÇÔÉ íæÝ ÇáãäåÌ .. :d

gΐяℓ Ĵαηυαяу
2013- 12- 30, 11:05 AM
ÕÈÇÍ ÇáÎíÑ æÇáÊÃÎíÑ ãäí << ÝíÓ ÎÇíÝ

ÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ
2013- 12- 30, 11:07 AM
æÇÌÈÇÊ äÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãå
ÇáæÇÌÈ ÇáÇæá

1-Being preoccupied with the translation of literary texts as a pastime activity, scholars of the last century looked at translation as:

a science
a craft
an art
a profession

Translation is considered as2-
a model of explanation
a model of communication
a model of representation
a model of information

The memory of the translator is like3-
a container of good time memories only
a container of records of academic information only
a container of records of future events only
a container of records of past experiences and plans for action
ÇáæÇÌÈ ÇáËÇäí
Translator’s grammatical competence includes: Cohesion in form
Coherence in meaning
Utterances in context
Vocabulary/ word formation,/pronunciation/spelling and sentence structure

In modern science the term ‘theory’ refers to a declaration of success in empirical science.
a proposed explanation of empirical phenomena.
a practical illustration of empirical phenomena
an empirical investigation of a real world problem

As one of the main characteristics of ‘theory’, ‘empiricism’ means that: it must be to able to predict.
it must be testable.
it must be simple.
it must be comprehensive
ÇáæÇÌÈ ÇáËÇáË
1(If you want to emphasize the Source Language in translation, you need to use

communicative translation
adaptation method in your translation.
idiomatic translation
semantic translation

2) Free translation is usually

a paraphrase much longer than the original
a paraphrase as long as the original
a paraphrase shorter than the original
a paraphrase which is the same as the original
3) The term ‘ecology’ covers the following :

3)traditions and habits
activities, procedures, and concepts
flora, fauna, winds and plains
religious rituals and artistic features



4) It would be no exaggeration to call Muhammad Ali’s time

The Period of Civilization
The Period of Translation
The Period of Communication
The Period of Enlightenment


íÇáíÊ ÊÑÇÌÚæåÇ ÈÔßá ÕÍíÍ

-ßÈÑíÇÁ-
2013- 12- 30, 11:12 AM
ãÇ ÃÊæÞÚ

ÃÓÃáÊå ÏÇÆãÇ ÏÇÎáíå æÏÞíÞÉ ÈÚÖ ÇáÔíÆ:33_asmilies-com:
æÇááå ãÇ ÝåãÊ ÇáÓÄÇá ÇáÍíä åæ ØÇáÈ ÔíÁ æÇáÎíÇÑÇÊ ÔíÁ ËÇäí ,, íÇááå íÇÑÈ ÊÓåáåÇ æÊÚÏíåÇ Úáì ÎíÑ

3) The term ‘ecology’ covers the following :

3)traditions and habits


activities, procedures, and concepts
flora, fauna, winds and plains
religious rituals and artistic features


ÇáÇÌÇÈÉ ÇáÕÍíÍíÉ ÑÞã æÇÍÏ

åÐÇ ãä ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáæÇÌÈ

ÇáÇÌÇÈå flora, fauna, winds and plains = ecology

ßÈÑíÇÁ .¡
ÐÇ ÇáÓÄÇá ãØáÚå ãä ÍÔÇÔÉ íæÝ ÇáãäåÌ .. :d
Çí ÇÔæÝ Çááå íÓÊÑåÇ ÈÓ
ÕÈÇÍ ÇáÎíÑ æÇáÊÃÎíÑ ãäí << ÝíÓ ÎÇíÝ

æáßã ,,

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 11:13 AM
ÇáÌæÇÈ åæ :


b- communicating


áÇä ÇáÇÎÊíÇÑÇÊ ÇáÈÇÞí ßáåÇ ÊÑÌÚ áÃÓÇáíÈ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ áäÝÓ ÇáãÚäì Çááí åæ ÇÚÇÏÉ ÇáÕíÇÛÉ æåÐÇ ãÇáå ÚáÇÞÉ ÈÎÕÇÆÕ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÑÆíÓíÉ Çááí ãä ÖãäåÇ communicate

ÃÌãá ÇáæÑÏ
2013- 12- 30, 11:14 AM
æÇááí ÚäÏå ÌæÇÈ ÇÝÖá íäÒáå Ýí ÐÇ:eek:

-ßÈÑíÇÁ-
2013- 12- 30, 11:19 AM
æÇááí ÚäÏå ÌæÇÈ ÇÝÖá íäÒáå Ýí ÐÇ:eek:
ÇäÇ ÇÊæÞÚ ÈÚÏ ÇäåÇ communicate << ÇÞÑÈ ÌæÇÈ

gold girl
2013- 12- 30, 11:22 AM
The Period of Translation

ÇáãÍÇÖÑå ÇáËÇãäå

Hanin G
2013- 12- 30, 11:26 AM
^
Ýí ÚÕÑ ãÍãÏ Úáí æÇáí ãÕÑ .. :cool:

gold girl
2013- 12- 30, 11:35 AM
Because Muhammad Ali was very interested in learning about European civilization the Translation took the form of ……………………
a- an independent movement and thrived
b- dependent movement and thrived
c- Settled and unchanged
d- None of all

ÇáÓÄÇá ÌÇÈå ÈÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÈÓ ÈÕíÛå ËÇäíå ... ÇáÍá ÃíÔ :(269):

ÓÌÏÉ ÙáÇã
2013- 12- 30, 11:37 AM
Model

It exists as a tangible object (diagram, a formula, a text) which stands for the idea embodied in the
theory.
íÊæÇÌÏ ÇáäãæÐÌ Ýí ÇáÃÔíÇÁ ÇáãáæÓå ãËá ÇáÑÓã ÇáÈíÇäí – ÇáÕíÛÉ - ÇáäÕ ( ÇáÊí ÊÞÝ Úáì
Ãæ ÊÚäì È ÝßÑÉ ÊÌÓíÏ ÇáäÙÑíÉ





ÈíäãÇ ÇáäÙÑíÉ ÛíÑ ãáãæÓÉ

ÛÜÜÜÇáíÜÜÜÜÜÜÉ
2013- 12- 30, 11:42 AM
Íá ÇáæÇÌÈ ÇáËÇáË


ÇáÓÄÇá ÇáÇæá:
1 - 1) If you want to emphasize the Source Language in translation, you need to use

communicative translation
adaptation method in your translation.
idiomatic translation
semantic translation

ÇáÓÄÇá ÇáËÇäí:
2 - 2) Free translation is usually

a paraphrase much longer than the original
a paraphrase as long as the original
a paraphrase shorter than the original
a paraphrase which is the same as the original

ÇáÓÄÇá ÇáËÇáË:
3 - 3) The term ‘ecology’ covers the following :

traditions and habits
activities, procedures, and concepts
flora, fauna, winds and plains
religious rituals and artistic features

ÇáÓÄÇá ÇáÑÇÈÚ:
4 - 4) It would be no exaggeration to call Muhammad Ali’s time

The Period of Civilization
The Period of Translation
The Period of Communication
The Period of Enlightenment


//

ÇáæÇÌÈ 2

1-
Translator’s grammatical competence includes
Cohesion in form
Coherence in meaning
Utterances in context
Vocabulary/ word formation,/pronunciation/spelling and sentence structure

-2-
In modern science the term ‘theory’ refers to

a declaration of success in empirical science
a proposed explanation of empirical phenomena
a practical illustration of empirical phenomena
an empirical investigation of a real world problem

-3-
As one of the main characteristics of ‘theory’, ‘empiricism’ means that

it must be to able to predict
it must be testable
it must be simple
it must be comprehensive


//

ÇáæÇÌÈ 1

Being preoccupied with the translation of literary texts as a pastime activity, scholars of the last century looked at translation as

a science
a craft
an art
a profession


-2-
Translation is considered as

a model of explanation
a model of communication
a model of representation
a model of information


-3-
The memory of the translator is like

a container of good time memories only
a container of records of academic information only
a container of records of future events only
a container of records of past experiences and plans for action

gold girl
2013- 12- 30, 11:49 AM
Because Muhammad Ali was very interested in learning about European civilization the Translation took the form of ……………………

a- an independent movement and thrived
b- dependent movement and thrived
c- Settled and unchanged
d- None of all
ÅÌÇÈå ÇáÓÄÇá ÈÇáÇÍãÑ ...
Çááæä ÇáÇÎÖÑ ßÇäÊ ÇÌÇÈå ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáÓÇÈÞ ... íÚäí ÇÍÝÙæ ÇáãÚáæãå ßÇãáå åÇÐí ØÑíÞÉ ÇáÏß澄 Íáæãå

-ßÈÑíÇÁ-
2013- 12- 30, 11:50 AM
Because Muhammad Ali was very interested in learning about European civilization the Translation took the form of ……………………
a- an independent movement and thrived
b- dependent movement and thrived
c- Settled and unchanged
d- None of all

ÇáÓÄÇá ÌÇÈå ÈÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÈÓ ÈÕíÛå ËÇäíå ... ÇáÍá ÃíÔ :(269):

independent movement and thrived

ÛÜÜÜÇáíÜÜÜÜÜÜÉ
2013- 12- 30, 11:53 AM
Because Muhammad Ali was very interested in learning about European civilization the Translation took the form of ……………………

a- an independent movement and thrived
b- dependent movement and thrived
c- Settled and unchanged
d- None of all


A - ÍÑßå ãÓÊÞáå æÃÒÏåÑÊ .

gold girl
2013- 12- 30, 12:00 PM
Yūĥanna bin Batriq’s method is a literal way

Ĥunayn bin Isĥaq’s method is free way

ãä ÃÓÆáÉ ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáãÇÖí ÇäÊÈåæ íãßä ÊÌí ÈÕíÛÊíä ãÑå
ÈÃÓã ÇáØÑíÞå ÇáÍÑÝíå Ýí ÇáÊÑÌãå Ãæ ÈÃÓã ÇáÔÎÕ

Another day
2013- 12- 30, 12:02 PM
ÈÚÖ ÇáÝÞÑÇÊ Çáãåãå Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÊíä 11 æ12 ááí ãÇæÕáæÇ áåÇ ááÍíä

1-........at word level means that the target language has no direct equivalent for aword which occurs in the source text
-Non equivalence

2-the type and level of difficulty in translation at this level depends on the nature of non-equivalence.this level is(word level)
ÃäæÇÚ Çá word level äæÚíä
1-abstract(speaker house of common)
2-concert(airing cupboard)

-Translation problems above word level include lexical patterning which can be divided into (collocation)-(idioms and fixed expression)
ÊÚÑíÝ Çá collocation(is a sequence of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance .it is the tendecy of certain words )
ÊÚÑíÝ Çá idioms and fixed expression
(are frozen patterns of language which allow little or no form and in case of idioms,often carry meanings which cannoot be deduced from thier indivdual components)
ãáÇÍÙÉ ÊÑì ãæ ÖÑæÑí ÊÍÝÙæä ÇáÊÚÇÑíÝ ßÇãáå ÑßÒæÇ Úáì ßáãÉ ÊÐßÑßã ÈÇáÊÚÑíÝ ãËáÇ collocation ÊÐßÑæÇ ßáãÉ a sequence of words æÊÚÑíÝ idioms and fixed expression ßáãÉ frozen patterns
ÌãáÉ as a matter of fact ÊÏá Úáì Fixed expression
æÌãáÉ bury the hatchet ÊÏá Úáì Idioms
-Morphology covers: the structure of words the way in wich the form of aword changes to indicate specific contrast gramatecal system
ÚÔÇä ÊÝÑÞæä Èíä ÊÚÑíÝ Çá Morphology æ syntax
ÇÑÈØæ Çá Morphology È structure of words
æsyntax È grammatical structure

-the major of difficulties translators
1-number
2-gender
3-person,tense and aspect
-the difficulty that translators encounter and is involved with the issue of passive and active,is
=(voice problem)

ÊÚÑíÝ word order
( is extremely important in translation because it plays amajor role in maintaining a coherent point of view and orientating message at text level

gold girl
2013- 12- 30, 12:12 PM
TM


allows the translators to store translations in database and recycle them in new translation by automatically retrieving matched segments for re-use

ÇáÊÚÑíÝ ÌÇÈå ÈÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáÓÇÈÞ ..
what is Translation Memory Teconology

Hanin G
2013- 12- 30, 12:14 PM
Yūĥanna bin Batriq’s method is a literal way

Ĥunayn bin Isĥaq’s method is free way

ãä ÃÓÆáÉ ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáãÇÖí ÇäÊÈåæ íãßä ÊÌí ÈÕíÛÊíä ãÑå
ÈÃÓã ÇáØÑíÞå ÇáÍÑÝíå Ýí ÇáÊÑÌãå Ãæ ÈÃÓã ÇáÔÎÕ


ÇäÇ ÑÈØÊåÇ ßíÐÇ :
Íæäíä Çáí ÊäßÊÈ Íäíä íÚäí ÇäÇ (:16.jpg:) ØÑíÞÊå åí free way íÚäí ÇäÇ ÍÑå ØáíÞå .. :53:
æíÍíì ãÏÑí íæÍÇäÇ ØÑíÞÊå ããáå Çáí åí ÍÑÝíå literal way ãæ ãÊÍÑÑ Òíí .. :oao:
æÔßÑÇ .. :hahahahahah:

Çã áãì 82
2013- 12- 30, 12:20 PM
ÇáãÍÇÖÑå 13
æÔ ÇáãÝíÏ ÝíåÇÇ

íÇáíÊ ÇÍÏ íßÊÈ ÇÓÆáå ÚáíåÇÇ Çæ ÍÊì ãáÎÕ áåÇÇ

ãíÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÓå
2013- 12- 30, 12:22 PM
One of the grammatical problem in translation is the problem of word order .In English and Arabic :

a- Word order in English is relatively fixed.
b- Arabic does not have fixed word order.
c- Both true.
d- Both false


åÐÇ ÇáÌæÇÈ ÇáÕÍ áÇä ßáãÇÊ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíå ËÇÈÊå äÓÈíÇ áßä ßáãÇÊ ÇáÚÑÈíå áÇíæÌÏ äÙÇã ËÇÈÊ ááßáãÇÊ áÇäåÇ ÞÇÈáå áááÇáÊæÇÁÇÊ

ÓÌÏÉ ÙáÇã
2013- 12- 30, 12:24 PM
The Editing of a ST precedes it s translation


ÚãáíÉ ÇáÊÍÑíÑ ÊÓÈÞ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ

gold girl
2013- 12- 30, 12:25 PM
ÇäÇ ÑÈØÊåÇ ßíÐÇ :
Íæäíä Çáí ÊäßÊÈ Íäíä íÚäí ÇäÇ (:16.jpg:) ØÑíÞÊå åí free way íÚäí ÇäÇ ÍÑå ØáíÞå .. :53:
æíÍíì ãÏÑí íæÍÇäÇ ØÑíÞÊå ããáå Çáí åí ÍÑÝíå literal way ãæ ãÊÍÑÑ Òíí .. :oao:
æÔßÑÇ .. :hahahahahah:


ÍÑßÇÊ íÇÍäíä :d5:

AL-Maram
2013- 12- 30, 12:26 PM
Target Language knowledge (TL)*
Text-Type knowledge*
Source Language knowledge (SL)*
Subject-area knowledge*
And contrastive knowledge


ÇáÍíä åÐíáÇ æÔ æÖÚåã

æíä ÇáÓÄÇá æíä ÇáÌæÇÈ ¿¿

i am legend
2013- 12- 30, 12:32 PM
target language knowledge (tl)*
text-type knowledge*
source language knowledge (sl)*
subject-area knowledge*
and contrastive knowledge


ÇáÍíä åÐíáÇ æÔ æÖÚåã

æíä ÇáÓÄÇá æíä ÇáÌæÇÈ ¿¿



ååååååååå æÇááå ÇäÇ ãËáß .. ÇØÇáÚåÇ ÞÈá Ôæí ÈÇáÕÝÍÇÊ Çááí ÞÈá
æÇÞæá æÔ ÇáÓÇáÝå :(
áÇ ÚíäÇ ÎíÑ ÇÈÔÑß :(

i am legend
2013- 12- 30, 12:33 PM
íÇÑÈ íÌí ÚäÏäÇ ãÑÇÞÈ ßæíÓ :(
æáÇ ÇáæÖÚ ãÊÃÒã ãÚ åÇáãÇÏå :(

Hanin G
2013- 12- 30, 12:37 PM
One of the grammatical problem in translation is the problem of word order .In English and Arabic :

a- Word order in English is relatively fixed.
b- Arabic does not have fixed word order.
c- Both true.
d- Both false


åÐÇ ÇáÌæÇÈ ÇáÕÍ áÇä ßáãÇÊ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíå ËÇÈÊå äÓÈíÇ áßä ßáãÇÊ ÇáÚÑÈíå áÇíæÌÏ äÙÇã ËÇÈÊ ááßáãÇÊ áÇäåÇ ÞÇÈáå áááÇáÊæÇÁÇÊ

Both
åí ÇáÕÍ .. :mh001:

Hanin G
2013- 12- 30, 12:38 PM
íÇÑÈ íÌí ÚäÏäÇ ãÑÇÞÈ ßæíÓ :(
æáÇ ÇáæÖÚ ãÊÃÒã ãÚ åÇáãÇÏå :(

ãä ÛÔäÇ ÝáíÓ ãäÇ .. :139:

i am legend
2013- 12- 30, 12:46 PM
ãä ÛÔäÇ ÝáíÓ ãäÇ .. :139:



ÇáãÇÏÉ ÇÕáÇð ãÈ ãäÇ :(284):

...mlak
2013- 12- 30, 12:51 PM
íÇÑÈ íÌí ÚäÏäÇ ãÑÇÞÈ ßæíÓ :(
æáÇ ÇáæÖÚ ãÊÃÒã ãÚ åÇáãÇÏå :(

ÇÞæá Îá ÇáÛÔ Úäß æáÇÊÝßÑ Ýíå..ÕÏÞäí ÑÇÍ íÌíß íæã æÊÚÑÝ Çä Çááå ÍÞ..:41jg:

Êæßá Ú Çááå æÇÓÊÛÝÑ ÑÈí ßËíÑ ÈäíÉ Çä íáåãß ÇáÕæÇÈ..æÊÑÇäÇ ßáäÇ ãÎÊÈÓíä :sm5:.. Çááå ííÓÑ áí æáßã..

Єℓỉŧє
2013- 12- 30, 12:54 PM
Ýíå ÇÍÏ ÚäÏå ÇÓÆáÉ ÇÈæ ÈßÑ ãÍáæáå ¿

Another day
2013- 12- 30, 12:55 PM
ÇáãÍÇÖÑå 13
æÔ ÇáãÝíÏ ÝíåÇÇ

íÇáíÊ ÇÍÏ íßÊÈ ÇÓÆáå ÚáíåÇÇ Çæ ÍÊì ãáÎÕ áåÇÇ

ãÍÇÖÑÉ 13
ÊÚÇÑíÝ ÈÇáÈÏÇíå ááculture
ÊÚÑíÝ tylor:
(acomplex whole which encludes knowlidge ,belief,art,morals,law,customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society)
ÊÚÑíÝ Newmark :
(the way of life and its manifestatiion that are peculiar to acommunity that uses aparticular language as its mean of expression)
ÊÚÑÝ aljundi:
makes distinction between culture and civilisation

æØÈÚÇ ãÇÝíå æÞÊ ÊÍÝÙíäåÇ ÝÇÑÈØí ßáãÉ acomplex whole ÈÊÚÑíÝ tylor
æßáãÉ the way of life ÈÊÚÑíÝ Newmark
ÇãÇ ÊÚÑíÝ ÇáÌäÏí Óåá
-one of culutre problems in arabic /English is (the political and administrative ).this involves terms or expressionhs that have (Religious implication)

-An example of political/adminstrative problems in translating from arabic to english (ãÌáÓ ÇáÔæÑì)
-in the category of religious problems arise in english /arabic translation,it is not only a matter of translatability but rather (of rending a concept)
-literary problems in arabic/english translation can be avoided if(that wouldnt make any difference)
-in literary problems,no matter how skilful the translator may be,he still falls victim to the historical ,social or cultural associations and connotations attached to literary text.this could be illustrated through mistakes arising from the gaps in the translator cultural knowledge of (animals)
-When dealing with culture in translation ,you need to be aware of translation proceduressuch as :Transference
1-culture equivalent
2-naturalization
3-literal translation
åÐÇ ÊÞÑíÈÇ ßá Çááí ÈÇáãÍÇÖÑå æÈÇáÊæÝíÞ :icon19:

gold girl
2013- 12- 30, 01:04 PM
ÃÓÆáÉ ÇáÇÎÊ áÇÊÍÒäí Çááå íÌÒÇåÇ ÎíÑ íÇÑÈ ...
åäÇ ÇáÓÄÇá ãä ÊÚÑíÝ ÇáãÊÑÌã !

The translator has knowledge of the………culture .
 SL only
 TL only
 SL and TL

ÊÚÑíÝ ÇáäÕ ÇáãÊÑÌã !
41. The……s the text which result from the translation process .
 source text ST
 translated text TT
 source language SL

åäÇ ÇáÓÄÇá ãä Öãä ÇáÊÚÑíÝ íÚäí ãä ããíÒÇÊå ...
ÇáäÕ ÇáãÊÑÌã ( ãä ÇáÚÑÈíÉ ãËáÇ ) íÎÊáÝ ÌãåæÑå áíÕÈÍ ãä ÇááÛÉ ÇáÌÏíÏÉ ( ÇáÝÑäÓíÉ ãËáÇ )
42. The translated text …….
 keep the same receiver of a same language
 chang the receiver of new language .
 he can choose whether change the receiver or keep the old one

ãËá ãÇåæ æÇÖÍ ÊÚÑíÝ ÇáäÕ ÇáãÊÑÌã ...
43. The………is a very good source for investigating the translation process .
 translated text TT
 
 SL
 TL

ÃÍÈ ÇäÈåßã Ú ÔÛáå ÕÇÑÊ áäÇ Ýí ÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáÊÑÌãå ÇáÇÈÏÇÚíå ...

ãÓæí ÇáÏß澄 Íáæãå ÍÑßå :41jg: ÌÇÈ áäÇ ÓÄÇáíä ÊÎÊáÝ ÕíÛÊå ÈÓ ÇáÇÌÇÈå æÍÏå ..

íÚäí ããßä íßÑÑ íÔæÝ ãä ÇáÐßí ÈÓ Ú ãíä íáÚÈåÇ :S_45:

ÓÌÏÉ ÙáÇã
2013- 12- 30, 01:07 PM
Editing the formulation: ÊÍÑíÑ ÇáÕíÛÉ ÇáäåÇÆíÉ


This is the final stage in the translation process
.æåí ÇáãÑÍáÉ ÇáÃÎíÑÉ ãä ÚãáíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ

gold girl
2013- 12- 30, 01:10 PM
Ýíå ÇÍÏ ÚäÏå ÇÓÆáÉ ÇÈæ ÈßÑ ãÍáæáå ¿


ÃÓÆáÉ ÃÈæ ÈßÑ ÇáÍá ÈÂÎÑ ÇáÕÝÍå .. æÈÇáÊæÝíÞ

AL-Maram
2013- 12- 30, 01:15 PM
ååååååååå æÇááå ÇäÇ ãËáß .. ÇØÇáÚåÇ ÞÈá Ôæí ÈÇáÕÝÍÇÊ Çááí ÞÈá
æÇÞæá æÔ ÇáÓÇáÝå :(
áÇ ÚíäÇ ÎíÑ ÇÈÔÑß :(



áÞíÊåã ÈáãÍÊæì åÐíáÇ ÊÚÏÇÏ ááäÞØÉ Çááí ÊÞæá

what does the translatros knowledge - base contain ?

íÚäí Úáì ãÇÐÇ ÊÍÊæí ÞÇÚÏÉ ÇáãÚÑÝå áÏì ÇáãÊÑÌã

ÝÊÐßÑ ÇáäÞÇØ Çá5:16.jpg:

Єℓỉŧє
2013- 12- 30, 01:20 PM
ÃÓÆáÉ ÃÈæ ÈßÑ ÇáÍá ÈÂÎÑ ÇáÕÝÍå .. æÈÇáÊæÝíÞ


Çææå ÕÍ :icon120: .. ÌÒÇß Çááå ÎíÑ Ú ÇáÊäÈíå :106::(204):

gold girl
2013- 12- 30, 01:21 PM
The Process of TranslationÚãáíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãå

It is a complex cognitive operation which takes place in the mind of the translator

åí ÚãáíÉ ÅÏÑÇßíÉ ãÚÑÝíå ãÚÞÏÉ ÊÍÏË Ýí ÚÞá ÇáãÊÑÌã

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 01:21 PM
åÐÇ ÇáãáÎÕ Çáí ØáÈå ÈÕíÛÉ ÇáææÑÏ
íäÝÚ ( ááÇÌíÇá ÇáÞÇÏãÉ )

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 01:21 PM
Çáí íÓÇá Úä ÇÓÆáÉ ÇÈæ ÈßÑ ÇäÇ ÊÑÌãÊ ¡ æÍáíÊ ÍæÇáí 20 ÓÄÇá Ýí ÈÏÇíÉ ÕÝÍÇÊ ÇáÊÌãÚ ( ÕÝÍÉ 14 )
æåÐÇ ÑÇÈØåÇ ..
:(177):
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t516480-14.html

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 01:23 PM
äÕíÍÉ ÑßÒæÇ Úáì ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáæÇÌÈ æ20 ÓÄÇá ÍÞ ÇáãÑÇÌÚÉ Ü æÇÐÇ ÇãÏÇß ãÑ Úáì ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáÊÑã ÇáãÇÖí ( ÇÞÑÇåÇ )

Єℓỉŧє
2013- 12- 30, 01:25 PM
Çáí íÓÇá Úä ÇÓÆáÉ ÇÈæ ÈßÑ ÇäÇ ÊÑÌãÊ ¡ æÍáíÊ ÍæÇáí 20 ÓÄÇá Ýí ÈÏÇíÉ ÕÝÍÇÊ ÇáÊÌãÚ ( ÕÝÍÉ 14 )
æåÐÇ ÑÇÈØåÇ ..
:(177):
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t516480-14.html




:004:

ÓÌÏÉ ÙáÇã
2013- 12- 30, 01:25 PM
Adaptation :- ÇáÊÑÌãå ÇáãáÇÆãå



This is the ‘freest’ form of translation
-1 æ åí ÃßËÑ ÇáÃÔßÇá ÍÑøíÉ Ýí ÇáÊÑÌãå

άήįήל
2013- 12- 30, 01:26 PM
Because Muhammad Ali was very interested in learning about European civilization the Translation took the form of ………………………..


a- an independent movement and thrived
b- dependent movement and thrived
c- Settled and unchanged
d- None of all

Ôäæ ÇáÍá

Єℓỉŧє
2013- 12- 30, 01:27 PM
åÐí ÇáÊÚÇÑíÝ Çáí ÌãÚÊåÇ Çã íÒä Çááå áÇ íÍÑãåÇ ÇáÇÌÑ ááí íÈí íÑÇÌÚåÇ Çæ íÊÃßÏ

æáÇ ÊäÓæä ÊÏÚæä áåÇ .. æáí :biggrin:

Єℓỉŧє
2013- 12- 30, 01:28 PM
Because Muhammad Ali was very interested in learning about European civilization the Translation took the form of ………………………..


a- an independent movement and thrived
b- dependent movement and thrived
c- Settled and unchanged
d- None of all

Ôäæ ÇáÍá

:cool:

...mlak
2013- 12- 30, 01:32 PM
æÔ ÇáÍá ÇáÕÍíÍ..äÇÓ íÞæáæä ÊÓÐÇ æäÇÓ ÊÓÐÇ ..

As one of the main characteristics of „theory‟, „parsimony‟ means that
A. it must be able to predict.
B. it must be testable.
C. it must be simple.

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 01:34 PM
Because Muhammad Ali was very interested in learning about European civilization the Translation took the form of ………………………..


a- an independent movement and thrived
b- dependent movement and thrived
c- Settled and unchanged
d- None of all

Ôäæ ÇáÍá
ÇáÇÌÇÈÉ( a )ÇßíÏ

gold girl
2013- 12- 30, 01:35 PM
The interaction of the six elements of translation
Source Language SL→
Source Text ST →
Translator →
Translated Text TT→
The Language of Translation TL→
Target Language TL →

åÐÇ åæ ÊÝÇÚá ÇáÚäÇÕÑ ÇáÓÊ ááÊÑÌãÉ
ÃæáÇ Ãä íßæä ÚäÏí áÛÉ ãÕÏÑ ÃÊÑÌã ãäåÇ .. åí ÇáÚÑÈíÉ ... ÇÎÊÇÑ ãä åÐå ÇááÛÉ äÕ ãÕÏÑ ááÊÑÌãÉ .. ãËáÇ ÞÕÉ ÚáÇÁ ÇáÏíä.. Ëã íÃÊí ÏæÑí ÃäÇ ßãÊÑÌã ...ÃäÔÆ ÇáäÕ ÇáãÊÑÌã ..ãÓÊÎÏãÇ áÛÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÝÑíÏÉ ..ÇáÊí áÇ ÊÚÊÈÑ áÛÉ ÚÑÈíÉ ÝÞØ æáÇ ÇäÌáíÒíÉ ÝÞØ .. áÃæÌååÇ Åáì ÇááÛÉ ÇáåÏÝ æåí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ

åÐå ÇáÚäÇÕÑ ãÑÊÈØÉ ãÚ ÈÚÖåÇ ßá ÇáÇÑÊÈÇØ æáÇ íÚãá ÃÍÏåÇ ÈãÚÒá Úä ÇáÂÎÑ .. áÐáß, æßãÊÑÌã íÌÈ Ãä Êßæä Úáì ÏÑÇíÉ ÊÇãÉ ÈåÐå ÇáÚäÇÕÑ æßíÝ íÄËÑ ÇÍÏåã Úáì ÇáÃÎÑ
ãäÞæá !!!

ÓÌÏÉ ÙáÇã
2013- 12- 30, 01:35 PM
Idiomatic Translation :- ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÅÕØáÇÍíÉ

This form of translation is sometimes called lively ‘natural translation

åÐÇ ÇáäæÚ ãä ÇáÊÑÌãå íØáÞ Úáíå Ýí ÈÚÖ ÇáÃÍíÇä ÇáÊÑÌãå ÇáãõÝÚãÉ ÈÇáÍíÇÉ

AL-Maram
2013- 12- 30, 01:36 PM
æÔ ÇáÍá ÇáÕÍíÍ..äÇÓ íÞæáæä ÊÓÐÇ æäÇÓ ÊÓÐÇ ..

As one of the main characteristics of „theory‟, „parsimony‟ means that
A. it must be able to predict.
B. it must be testable.
C. it must be simple.


c

simple

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 01:36 PM
æÔ ÇáÍá ÇáÕÍíÍ..äÇÓ íÞæáæä ÊÓÐÇ æäÇÓ ÊÓÐÇ ..

As one of the main characteristics of „theory‟, „parsimony‟ means that
A. it must be able to predict.
B. it must be testable.
C. it must be simple.
it must be simple

áÇÑÇ 1
2013- 12- 30, 01:40 PM
æíä ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáÓãÓÊÑ Çáí ÑÇÍ¿¿

άήįήל
2013- 12- 30, 01:41 PM
:cool:



ÇáÇÌÇÈÉ( a )ÇßíÏ



ËÇäßÓ ÇÇÇÏ ÇáÏæäíÇÇÇÇ:icon19:

...mlak
2013- 12- 30, 01:41 PM
Íáæ Íáæ ÔßÑíÇ ..

..íÚäí parsimony ÈÓíØ..ÇÍÝÙí íÃäÇ ..ö

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 01:41 PM
10) As one of the main characteristics of „theory‟, „parsimony‟ means that
A. it must be able to predict.
B. it must be testable.
C. it must be simple.
D. it must be comprehensive.

19) As one of the main characteristics of „theory‟, „determinism‟ means that:
A. it must be able to predict.
B. it must be testable.
C. it must be simple.
D. it must be comprehensive.

æÝí ÓÄÇá ÈÇáæÇÌÈ
As one of the main characteristics of ‘theory’, ‘empiricism’ means that:
it must be testable

ÝÑÞæÇ ÈíäåÇ

ÓåÇã ÇáÎííÑ
2013- 12- 30, 01:42 PM
Because Muhammad Ali was very interested in learning about European civilization the Translation took the form of ………………………..


a- an independent movement and thrived
b- dependent movement and thrived
c- Settled and unchanged
d- None of all

Ôäæ ÇáÍá




ÇáÍá .. free +ãÓÊÞáå = a

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 01:43 PM
what is a good translation?

ãÇ åí ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÌíÏÉ¿

" that in which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language, as to be as distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a native of the country to which that language belongs . as it is by those who speak the language of the original work".

ÒÈÏÊåÇ


ÇäåÇ Êßæä ßÇãáÉ ææÇÖÍÉ æÊÔÚÑ ÈÞæÊå

ÓÌÏÉ ÙáÇã
2013- 12- 30, 01:43 PM
A semantic translation is written at the author’s linguistic level

a communicative at the readership’s.

ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÏáÇáíÉ ÊßÊÈ ÍÓÈ ãÓÊæì ÇáßÇÊÈ ÇááÛæí , ÃãÇ ÇáÊæÇÕáíå ÝÊßÊÈ ÍÓÈ
ÌãåæÑåÇ ÇáãÊáÞì ãä ÇáÞÑÇÁ .







Semantic translation is used for expressive texts (i.e. sacred texts)

while communicative for informative and vocative (like in Advertising) texts.


-ÊÓÊÎÏã ÇáÊÑÌãå ÇáÏáÇáíå ááäÕæÕ ÇáÊÚÈíÑíå ßÇáäÕæÕ ÇáãÞÏÓÉ ÈíäãÇ ÊÓÊÎÏã
ÇáÊæÇÕáíå ááäÕæÕ ÇáãÚáæãÇÊíå æ ÇáäÏÇÆíå ßÇáÏÚÇíÉ æ ÇáÅÚáÇä

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 01:44 PM
model of communication is a model of translation.

äãæÐÌ ÇáÇÊÕÇá åæ äãæÐÌ ááÊÑÌãÉ.

...mlak
2013- 12- 30, 01:45 PM
Çááå íÓÚÏß æíæÝÞß íÇáÔíÎ ÓáØÇä..ÞÚÏÊ Ç쾄 åÇáÅÓÆáå ÚÔÇä ÇÝÑÞ Èíäåã

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 01:47 PM
Çááå íÓÚÏß æíæÝÞß íÇáÔíÎ ÓáØÇä..ÞÚÏÊ Ç쾄 åÇáÅÓÆáå ÚÔÇä ÇÝÑÞ Èíäåã
åååååååååå

ÇÊæÞÚ ãÚ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ãÇÝíå ÔíÎ :mh12:

Mishoshita
2013- 12- 30, 01:47 PM
ÕÑÇÍå ÇáÊÑã åÐÇ ÇáãæÇÏ ÕÚÈå ßÇä ØãæÍí ÇÑÝÚ ÇáãÚÏá ÈÓ ãÇÔ Ôßáå ÈíäÎÓÝ :Cry111:

Çä ÔÇÁÇááå íÌí åÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇÓåá ãä ÇáÓåá æäÍá Òíä íÇÑÑÑÑÑÈ :Cry111:


ÇáãÍÇÖÑå 13 æ 14 ÊÕÝÍÊåã ÝÞØ ÚÇÏí æÇáÇ ãæ ÚÇÏí :g2: ¿¿

ãäì*
2013- 12- 30, 01:48 PM
æÇááå íÇäÊÇÆÌ ßæíÒÇÊí ÇäåÇ ãÇÊÈÔÑ ÈÎíÑ
ÈÓ äÞæá íÇÇááå

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 01:50 PM
It is the re-encoding process which marks the bilingual translator off from the monolingual communicator.

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 01:50 PM
æÇááå íÇäÊÇÆÌ ßæíÒÇÊí ÇäåÇ ãÇÊÈÔÑ ÈÎíÑ
ÈÓ äÞæá íÇÇááå
ÇÍÝÙí ÇáßáÇã Çáí ÌÇáÓ ÇäÒáÉ - ÈáÇÔ ÊÍØíã

ÑÇãÜ2009ÜÇ
2013- 12- 30, 01:50 PM
ãÇÝíå ÇÓÆáå æÇÖÍå ãä ÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáÚÇã
ÇíÔ ÇÝÖá ÇáÇÓÆáå áÃäí ãÇÍÕáÊ Ôí æÇÖÍ

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 01:52 PM
Memory : contains ‘records’ of past experiences, has plans for action on the basis of what we know

and what we have done.

ÇáÐÇßÑÉ: ÊÍÊæí Úáì 'ÓÌáÇÊ' ãä ÊÌÇÑÈ ÇáãÇÖí¡ æ ÎØØ ááÚãá Úáì ãÇ äÚÑÝå æãÇ ÞãäÇ Èå

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 01:56 PM
Translators must be good at storing experiences in memory, and at retrieving those experiences whenever needed to solve complex translation problems
ÇáãÊÑÌãíä íÌÈ Çä íßæä áÏíåã ÐÇßÑÉ ÊÎÒíä ÌíÏå ÍÊì íÓÊØíÚæä ÇÓÊÑÌÇÚ Êáß ÇáÎÈÑÇÊ ßáãÇ ÏÚÊ ÇáíåÇ ÇáÍÇÌÉ æáÍá ãÔÇßá ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇáãÚÞÏÉ

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 01:57 PM
Grammatical competence:

ÇáßÝÇÁÉ ÇáäÍæíÉ

knowledge of the rules of the code, including vocabulary and word formation, pronunciation/spelling and sentence structure

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 01:59 PM
What are the primary characteristics of a good translator


ãÇ åí ÇáÎÕÇÆÕ ÇáÃÓÇÓíÉ ááãÊÑÌã ÇáÌíÏ¿

Reliability - Timeliness- Ethics - Speed - Memory - ProfessionalPride

ÇáãæËæÞíÉ - ÇáÃÎáÇÞíÇÊ - ÇáæÞÊ ÇáãäÇÓÈ - ÇáÓÑÚÉ- ÇáÐÇßÑÉ - ÇáÝÎÑ ÈÇáãåäå

ÑæÌ ÝæÔí 2011
2013- 12- 30, 02:00 PM
Çááåã Çäí ÇÓÊæÏÚÊß ßá ãÇÏÑÓÊ æÍÝÙÊ æÝåãÊ Ýí åÐí ÇáãÇÏå ÝÑÏå áí ÚäÏ ÍÇÌÊí Çáíå
ãÔßæææææÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑíä ÌãíÚÇ ÇÓÊÝÏÊ ãäßã ßËíÑ Çááå áÇ íÍÑãßã ÇáÇÌÑ æíæÝÞäÇ ÌãíÚÇ
ÇÔæÝßã ÈÚÏ ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÝÇáäÇ ÇáÇí ÈáÓ

ÓÌÏÉ ÙáÇã
2013- 12- 30, 02:00 PM
Componential analysis which excludes the culture and highlight the
message



æ åí ÇáÊÍáíá ÇáÚäÕÑí ) Componential analysis æÇáÊí ÊÓÊÈÚÏ ÇáÍÖÇÑÉ æ ÊÓáØ ÇáÖæÁ Úáì ÑÓÇáå ÇáäÕ ÐÇÊå

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 02:01 PM
The English word theory was derived from a technical term in

äÙÑíÉ ÇáßáãÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ãÔÊÞ ãä ãÕØáÍ ÊÞäí Ýí

Ancient Greek philosophy

ÇáÝáÓÝÉ ÇáíæäÇäíÉ ÇáÞÏíãÉ

Hanin G
2013- 12- 30, 02:03 PM
Çááå íæÝÞäÇ íÇÑÈ æäÑÌÚ ãÈÓæØíä Çä ÔÇÁ Çááå .. :)
ÈÇáÊæÝíÞ ÌãíÚÇ ..

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 02:04 PM
In modern science the term "theory", or "scientific theory" is generally understood to refer to a proposed ‘explanation’ of empirical phenomena’

* Ýí ÇáÚáæã ÇáÍÏíËÉ ÚãæãÇ íÝåã ãÕØáÍ "ÇáäÙÑíÉ"¡ Ãæ "ÇáäÙÑíÉ ÇáÚáãíÉ" Åáì 'ÔÑÍ' ááÙæÇåÑ ÇáÊÌÑíÈíÉ ÇáãÞÊÑÍÉ

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 02:05 PM
Theory.It exists in the mind

ÇáäÙÑíÉ / ãæÌæÏÉ Ýí ÇáÚÞá

gold girl
2013- 12- 30, 02:07 PM
ÃÓÊæÏÚÊßã Çááå ÇááÐí áÇÊÖíÚ æÏÇÆÚå ... :004:

Çááå íæÝÞßã æíÑÒÞßã ÃÚáì ÇáÏÑÌÇÊ .... æíÚØíßã ÇáÚÇÝíå Ú ÇáãÑÇÌÚå

äÔæÝßã ÈÅÐä Çááå ÈÚÏ ÇáÅÎÊÈÇÑ ...:106:

ÓÌÏÉ ÙáÇã
2013- 12- 30, 02:07 PM
Religious Terms :-ÇáãÕØáÍÇÊ ÇáÏíäíå
q The language of religions tend to be transferred when it becomes of TL interest.
ÇááÛÉ ÇáÏíäíå Êãíá ááäÞá Åáì ÇááÛÉ ÇáåÏÝ ÈÏáÇ ãä ÊÑÌãÊåÇ ( Ãí ÊõäÞá ßãÇ åí )



Artistic Terms :-ÇáãÕØáÍÇÊ ÇáÝäíå
q Some of them are transferred and some are translated.
ÈÚÖ ÇáãÕØáÍÇÊ ÇáÝäíå ÊõäÞá transferred æ ÈÚÖåÇ íõÊÑÌã translated

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 02:07 PM
Ôßáí ÌíÊ ãÊÃÎÑ
ÊÈæä Çßãá Çæ ÇÊÑßåÇ áäÝÓí

ÎÑíÝ ÇáÚãÑ
2013- 12- 30, 02:11 PM
12) Hunayn bin Ishaq‟s method of translation was called
A. the free way method.
B. the faithful way method.
C. the literal way method.
D. the both ways method.

åÐÇ Ýí ÇáÚÔÑíä ÓæÇá ÇÚÊÞÏ ÛáØ ÇáÎíÇÑ ÇáÕÍíÍc

miss toot
2013- 12- 30, 02:12 PM
Çááå íÌÒÇßã ÎíÑ ÌãíÚÇ ÇÓÊÝÏ ãäßã æÑÈí ãÇíÖíÚ áßã ÊÚÈ

ÂáÇÁ Al99
2013- 12- 30, 02:13 PM
^

Åá ÕÍ ÇáÅÌÂÈÉ åæäíä åæÂ ÂáÝÑí æíí !

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 02:15 PM
12) Hunayn bin Ishaq‟s method of translation was called
A. the free way method.
B. the faithful way method.
C. the literal way method.
D. the both ways method.

åÐÇ Ýí ÇáÚÔÑíä ÓæÇá ÇÚÊÞÏ ÛáØ ÇáÎíÇÑ ÇáÕÍíÍc
ÇáÇÌÇÈå ÕÍíÍÉ íÇÎÊ ÎÑíÝ

Ýíå ÓÄÇá ãÔÇÈåå áå
Çáí åæ
bin Batriq's method , the literal way

**Shy-_-girl**
2013- 12- 30, 02:17 PM
áÇ ßãá ÊßÝì :Cry111:
ÈÇÞí áí ÑÈÚ ÓÇÚå æÇÑæÍ ááÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇÈÛì ÇÓÊÝíÏ

ãäì*
2013- 12- 30, 02:17 PM
ÇÓÍÇÞ Èä Íäíä ÇáÊÑÌãå ÇáÍÑå
æíæÍäÇ ÇáÈØÑíÞ ÇáÊÑÌãå ÇáÍÑÝíÉ

ãÍãÏ ÇáÔíÈÇäí 1
2013- 12- 30, 02:18 PM
the english word theory was derived from a technical term in




äÙÑíÉ ÇáßáãÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ãÔÊÞ ãä ãÕØáÍ ÊÞäí Ýí



ancient greek philosophy



ÇáÝáÓÝÉ ÇáíæäÇäíÉ ÇáÞÏíãÉ




ÚäÏí ÇÍÓÇÓ ßÈíÑ Çä åÐÇ ÇáÓÄÇá ÑÇÍ íÌí ÈÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ æÇááå ÇÚáã :71:

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 02:19 PM
The Source Language (SL)

áÛÉ ÇáãÕÏÑ (SL)

which the text to be translated belongs.

ÇáÐí íäÊãí Åáíå ÇáäÕ ÇáãÊÑÌã

ãäì*
2013- 12- 30, 02:20 PM
Wh q ÈÃí ãÍÇÖÑÉ ¿

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 02:21 PM
Process of Translation

ÚãáíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ

complex cognitive operation which takes place in the mind of the translator

ÇáÚãáíÉ ÇáãÚÑÝíÉ ÇáãÚÞÏÉ ÇáÊí ÊÌÑí Ýí Ðåä ÇáãÊÑÌã
(( åÐÇ ÇáÓÄÇá ãíå ÈÇáãíÉ ÌÇí ))

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 02:21 PM
Word-for-word translation

ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÍÑÝíÇ

interlinear translation

ÊÑÌãÉ ãÇÈíä ÇáÓØæÑ

ÎÑíÝ ÇáÚãÑ
2013- 12- 30, 02:22 PM
ÕÍ Úáíßã ÈÓ ãä ÇáÚÌáå

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 02:23 PM
1- Literal translation

ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÍÑÝíÉ

The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context

íÊã ÊÍæíá ÇáÅäÔÇÁÇÊ ÇáäÍæíÉ SL Åáì ãßÇÝÆÇÊåÇ íÚäí Çáí ÊÔÈåÇ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáåÏÝ TL æáßä ãÑÉ ÃÎÑì åí ÊÑÌãÉ ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáãÚÌãíÉ ÎÇÑÌ ÇáÓíÇÞ ãäÝÑÏÉ

ÓÌÏÉ ÙáÇã
2013- 12- 30, 02:24 PM
Mechanical aids:ÇáãÓÇÚÏÇÊ ÇáÂáíøå
This involves the use of type-writers, dictating machines, photocopying machines, etc.
æ ÊÊÖãä åÐå ÅÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáÂáÇÊ ÇáßÇÊÈå æ ÇáãõÚÇáÌå æÂáÇÊ ÇáÊÕæíÑ .. ÇáÎ

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 02:25 PM
Semantic Translation

ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÏáÇáíÉ

Faithfull translation is uncompromising and dogmatic while Semantic translation is more flexible

ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÏáÇáíÉ ÃßËÑ ãÑæäÉ

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 02:27 PM
Adaptation

ÇáÊÃÞáã

Plays ( comedies ), poetry stories, where the themes
ãÏÑí ßíÝ ÊÌí ØÑíÞÉ ÇáÓÄÇá Úáì åÐÇ

**Shy-_-girl**
2013- 12- 30, 02:28 PM
Çááå íæÝÞ ßá ãä ÔÇÑß ÈÇáãæÖæÚ
ÝÇáí æÝÇáßã a+ :(

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 02:28 PM
wh q ÈÃí ãÍÇÖÑÉ ¿
ÇáÇæáì :000:

ѕυℓтαη
2013- 12- 30, 02:30 PM
Çááå íæÝÞ ßá ãä ÔÇÑß ÈÇáãæÖæÚ
ÝÇáí æÝÇáßã a+ :(
Çááåã Âãíä
ÇáæÞÊ ÖíÞ æÇáÕáÇÉ ÞÑÈÊ . ÃÓÇá Çááå Ãä áÇ íÖíÚ áäÇ ÊÚÈ
ãÚÐÑÉ ÇÓÊÃÐä .. äáÊÞí ÈÚÏ ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ..

äÏì ÇáÚÇáã
2013- 12- 30, 02:31 PM
Çááå íäæÑ ÏÑÈß æííÓÑ áäÇ ÇÓÊæÏÚÊßã Çááå

ãíÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÓå
2013- 12- 30, 02:33 PM
ãÚáíÔ ÇÈí Çá20 ÓÄÇá ãÍáæáå

ÓÌÏÉ ÙáÇã
2013- 12- 30, 02:34 PM
- Whispered Interpretation:
The Interpreter sits between delegates and whispers into their ears the oral translation of what is being said.

2- ÇáÊÑÌãå ÈÇáåãÓ : ÍíË íÌáÓ ÇáãÊÑÌã ãÇ Èíä ÇáãÝæøÖæä æ íåãÓ Ýí ÂÐÇäåã ÈÊÑÌãå ÔÝåíå áãÇ íõÊáì Úáì ãÓÇãÚåã .

m a h a
2013- 12- 30, 02:36 PM
ßäÊ ÇÍÓÈ ÈÓ ÚãÇÑ íãÛÕ ÇáÈØä :(

Çááå íÓåá Úáí æÚáíßã

ã ÞÕÑÊæ ÈÇáÊæÝíÞ íÇÑÈ

i am legend
2013- 12- 30, 02:41 PM
ÂÎÊ ãíÇÓå ÊÝÖáí .. ÇáÚÔÑíä ÓÄÇá ãÍáæáå..

1) As a means of communication, interpreting was used
A. after translation.
B. just after translation
C. before translation.
D. along with translation
2) Free translation is usually
A. a paraphrase much longer than the original.
B. a paraphrase as long as the original.
C. a paraphrase shorter than the original.
D. a paraphrase which is the same as the original.
3) Word-for-word translation is
A. an interlinear translation.
B. a free translation.
C. a figurative translation.
D. A grammatical translation
4) Interpreting is
A. the translation of a message across a cultural and linguistic barrier.
B. the translation of a message into another language.
C. the communicative translation of a message across a cultural and linguistic barrier
D. the oral translation of a message across a cultural and linguistic barrier
5) Syntax covers:
A. the semantic structure of groups, clauses and sentences
B. the phonological structure of groups, clauses and sentences
C. the grammatical structure of groups, clauses and sentences
D. the morphological structure of groups, clauses and sentences .
6) In the time of Caliph Al-Mamun, translation
A. prospered and expanded.
B. deteriorated and retreated
C. poorly processed and produced.
D. fairly paid and received.
7) Translation Memory Technology
A. helps the translator to translate effectively.
B. doesn’t allow the translator to store translations in a database and recycle them.
C. allows the translator to use different types of progrmmes
D. allows the translator to store translations in a database and recycle them.
8) Semantic translation is
A. less flexible than faithful translation.
B. as flexible as faithful translation.
C. more flexible than faithful translation.
D. not a flexible translation.
9) Material culture covers the following :
A. camels, donkeys, and horses.
B. kings, presidents, prime ministers.
C. hockey, snooker, squash and crickets
D. food, clothes, houses, towns and transport.
10) As one of the main characteristics of „theory‟, „parsimony‟ means that
A. it must be able to predict.
B. it must be testable.
C. it must be simple.
D. it must be comprehensive.
11) By „culture‟ we mean
A. people’s ‘way of life’.
B. ‘people’s customs’.
C. ‘people’s religion’.
D. ‘people’s social life
12) Hunayn bin Ishaq‟s method of translation was called
A. the free way method.
B. the faithful way method.
C. the literal way method.
D. the both ways method.
13) Grammar is organized along two main dimensions:
A. phonology and phonetics.
B. semantics and syntax.
C. morphology and phonetics.
D. morphology and syntax.
14) Works on philosophy, medicine, engineering and logic were translated from
A. Persian into Arabic.
B. Greek into Arabic.
C. Latin into Arabic.
D. Anglo-Saxon into Arabic.
15) By „idiom‟ we mean
A. a figurative image.
B. a figurative expression.
C. a non- figurative expression.
D. a fixed figurative expression.
16) If you want to emphasize the Source Language in translation, you need to use
A. adaptation method in your translation.
B. idiomatic translation.
C. semantic translation
D. communicative translation
17) The English word “theory” was derived from a technical term
A. in Ancient Roman Philosophy.
B. in Ancient Egyptian Philosophy.
C. in Ancient Chinese Philosophy.
D. in Ancient Greek Philosophy.
18) Communicative translation is to render
A. the general meaning of the original text.
B. the exact contextual meaning of the original text.
C. the nearest meaning to the original text.
D. the exact meaning of the original text.
19) As one of the main characteristics of „theory‟, „determinism‟ means that:
A. it must be able to predict.
B. it must be testable.
C. it must be simple.
D. it must be comprehensive.
20) Caliph Al-Mamun established
A. Dar Al-Tarjamah for translators.
B. Dar Al-Kitab for translators
C. Dar Al-Hikmah for translators
D. Dar Al-Qalam for translators

ãíÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÓå
2013- 12- 30, 02:50 PM
ÌÒÇß Çááå ÎíÑ

Çááåã íÇãÚáã ÇÈÑÇåíã ÚáãäÇ ..Çááåã ÇäÇ äÓÊæÏÚß ßá ãÇÍÝÙäÇ æßá ãÇÐÇßÑäÇ æßá ãÇÞÑÃäÇ ÝÅä ÌÇÁÊ ÍÇÌÊäÇ Çáíå ÝÑÏå ÇáíäÇ íÇÑÈ ÇáÚÇáãíä
Çááåã Çäí ÝæÖÊ ÇãÑí Çáíß
ÝæÖæÇ ÌãíÚ ÇãæÑßã ááå ÊÚÇáì
ÍÓÈí Çááå ÇáÐí áÇÅáå ÇáÇ åæ Úáíå ÊæßáÊ æåæ ÑÈ ÇáÚÑÔ ÇáÚÙíã ..7ãÑÇÊ
Çááåã ÇÝÊÍ ÚáíäÇ ÝÊæÍ ÇáÚÇÑÝíä
Çááåã ÇÑÒÞäÇ ÓÑÚÉ ÇáÝåã æÞæÉ ÇáÍÝÙ
Çááåã æÝÞäÇ áãÇ ÊÍÈ æÊÑÖì

ExcepTiOnal
2013- 12- 30, 03:01 PM
*

ÓÄÇá ÚÇáÓÑíÚ íÂÑÈ ÃÍÏ íÑÏ :"
Interpretation with written language OR speech ?!

íÇÇÑÈ Çäí áÎÈØÊ åíáÈ ãí :sdfgdsf:

ãäì*
2013- 12- 30, 03:10 PM
ãÚ ÇáÎØÇÈ

ExcepTiOnal
2013- 12- 30, 03:13 PM
ãÚ ÇáÎØÇÈ

ÍÈíÈÊí ÔßÑÇð :rose:

rose2000
2013- 12- 30, 07:49 PM
ÇíÔ ÑÇíßã ÈÇÓÆáÉ äÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãå