CLINICAL CHEMISTRYَ

1…technique uses an enzyme system to show the combination of an antigen to its antibody
a-ELISA
b-drug monitor
c-skin *****
d-blood analyzer

2-……is potentially toxic and damages the brain cells
a-conjugated bilirubin
b-unconjugated bilirubin
c-ligandin
d-cholestrol

3-….is a function of bile salts
a-digestion of lipids
b-anti-putrifactive action
c-choleretic action
d- all the above

4 in hyperbilirubinaemia,bilirubin diffuses in tissues causing jaundice when it reaches..
a-5mg/dl
b-3mg/dl
c-2mg/dl
d-1mg/dl

5…is water soluble and is less protein-bound and is excreted in urine
a-conjugated bilirubin
b-unconjugated bilirubin
c-biliverdin
d-urinobilinogen

5-indirect ELISA is used in the diagnosis of..
a-HIV
b-parasitic infection
c-bacterial and fungal infection
d- all the above

6-…..is the least toxic antidote used for paracetamol
a-cysteamine
b-methionine
c-N-acetylcysteine
d-acetamenophen

7- the hepatocytes synthesize..
a-plasma proteins
b-coagulation factors
c-lipoproteins
d-all the above

8-post hepatic hyperbilirubinaemia is due to…
a-hemolytic jaundice
b-hepatocellular jaundice
c-cholestatic jaundice
d-all the above
9-unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia due to severe hemolysis in newborns can cause…
a-steatorrhoea
b-kernicterus
c-cholestasis
d-none of the above

10 -…are enzymes that inactivate drugs
a-anticoagulants
b-alanine aspartate
c-anticonsulvants
d-alkaline phosphatase
11-…are causes of increased sensitivity to digoxin
a-hypokalaemia
b-hypercalcaemia
c-hyperglycaemia
d-a&b

12-normal plasma bilirubin is..
a-3mg/dl
b-1mg/dl
c-5mg/dl
d-7mg/dl

13-bile pigments include ….
a- bilirubin
b-urobilin
c-stercobilin
d-all the above

14-pale stools suggests
a- biliary obstruction
b-liver damage
c-hemolysis
d-none of the above

15-excessive growth hormone causes..
a-gigantism
b-dwarfism
c-addison’s disease
d-none of the above

16-the prognosis of myocardial infarction depends more on the..of the infarct
a-site
b-size
c-time
d-none of the above
17-acidophils of the anterior pituitary are composed of….
a-somatotrophes
b-lactotrophes
c-chromophobes
d-a&b

18-…influences the balance of sodium,water and potassium
a-aldosterone
b-cortisol
c-androgens
d-growth hormone

19-….is due to high circulating cortisol levels due to hyperplasia or tumor of the adrenal cortex
a-addison’s disease
b-cushing’s syndrome
c-aldosteronism
d-gigantism

20-…are used mainly for the differential diagnosis of excessive hormone secretion
a-stimulation tests
b-suppression tests
c-coagulation tests
d-all the above

21-cushing’s syndrome is due to…of pituitary gland and excessive hormone secretion
a- hypofunction
b-hyperfunction
c-normality
d-none of the above

22-prolonged prothrombin time may be corrected by vitamin K administration if due to…
a-cholestasis
b-impairment in synthetic ability of liver cells
c-hemolysis
d-hepatitis

-23phenobarbitone and phenytoin may induce the synthesis of….
a-gama-glutamyl transferase
b-alanine transaminase
c-aspartate transaminase
d-alkaline phosphatase

24- a high serum IgG and normal IgA suggests
a-cirrhosis
b-chronic active hepatitis
c-biliary cirrhosis
d-none of the above

25-….are substances inactivated and secreted by liver
a-amino acids
b-steroid hormones
c-drugs and cholesterol
d- all the above

26-bilirubin is transported into the smoothendoplasmic reticulum to be conjugated with…
a-bicarbonate
b-glucuronate
c-cholestrol
d-amio acids

27-inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase by malonic cid is an example of…
a-reversible inhibitors
b-competitive inhibitors
c-irreversible inhibitors
d-non competitive inhibitors

30 -enzymes are ….
a-invariable proteins
b-highly specific
c-act in moderate temperature& PH
d-all the above


31-treatment of iron overdosage is definite if concentrations
a-above 90 kmol/l
b-above 150 kmol/l
c-200mg/l
d-a&b

32-….is the time taken for the plasma drug concentration to fall to half its original level
a-elimination half life
b-saturation kinetics
c-pharmacokinetics
d-distribution

33-the rate ofabsorption of a patient may be affected by….in relation to meals
a-the time of ingestion
b-the kind of the meal
c-the time of vomiting
d-none of the above

34-….drugs can pass cell membranes and are absorbed rapidly
a- water soluble
b-lipid soluble
c-non- lipid soluble
d-all the above

35 -…..are only active after metabolic conversion by conjugation in the liver
a-phenytoin
b-calciferol
c-salicylic acid
d-digoxin

36-the rate of elimination of drugs is controlled by..
a-saturation kinetics
b-pharmacokinetics
c-elimination half life
d-timing of the absorption

37- hepatic dysfunction impairs drug metabolism and allows ….enters the circulation
a-more active drug than usual
b-less active drug than usual
c-inactive drug
d- none of the above

38-inherited hyperbilirubinaemia is..
a-haemochromatosis
b-Gilbert’s disease
c-cholestasis
d-hepatitis

39-haemachromatosis is due to…in liver
a-iron deposition
b-vitamin K
c-salicylates
d-none of the above

40 -estimation of plasma amylase activity increase in…
a-myocardial infarction
b-acute pancreatitis
c-mumps
d-trauma

41-….is essential for hydrolysis of succcinyl dicholine
a-pseudocholinesterase
b-true cholinesterase
c-lipase
d-alanine aspartate

42-…should not be prescribed to children because of the association with Reye’s syndrome
a-salicylates
b-bicarbonates
c-sulphonamides
d-a&c

43-….is due to an inherited enzyme deficiency in the biosynthesis of cortisol
a-secondary adrenal insufficiency
b-congenital adrenal hyperplasia
c-addison’s disease
d-cushing’s syndrome

44-in overdose patients we measure..
a-plasma levels of drug taken
b-plasma electrolytes
c-blood gases
d-a&c

45-samples for theophylline assay should be taken between 2 and….hours after the last dose
a-12
b-4
c-6
d-24

46-plasma thyroxin and TSH levels should be measured during. …treatment because of hyperthyroidism
a-diuretic
b-lithium
c-nephrotoxics
c-hepatotoxics

47-tolerant patients need…levels of drugs than normal to produce the desired effect
a-more
b-less
c-normal
d-none of the above



48-pathological increase of alkaline phosphatase occurs in..
a-growing children
b-pregnancy
c-obstructive jaundice
d-none of the above

49-….is a physiological cause of raised alkaline phosphatase activity
a- preterm infants
b-children until puberty
c-the last trimester of pregnancy
d- all the above

50-…is used to monitor the treatment of prostatic carcinoma
a-acid phosphatase
b-alkaline phosphatase
c-alanine transaminase
d-creatine kinase

51-when treatment has just stopped,plasma levels may…more rapidly than those in the cell
a-increase
b-decrease
c-equal
d-all the above

52..is increased in both myocardial infarction and acute hepatitis disease
a-AST
b-ALT
c-LD
d-a&c


53-lipase activity increases with
a-pancreatitis
b-myocardial infarction
c-hepatitis
d-HIV

-54loss of Hcl by vomiting in pyloric stenosis is a cause of..
a-metabolic alkalosis
b-acidosis
c-hypercalcaemia
d-all the above

55-gastric hyposecretion occurs mostly in…
a-duodenal alceration
b-perniciuos anaemia
c-carcinoma
d-pepic alcer


57- intrinsic factor is essential for…….
a-digestion
b-B12 absorption
c-protects the mucosa
d-none of the above

58-bile pigments include ….
a- bilirubin
b-urobilin
c-stercobilin
d-all the above

59-pale stools suggests
a- biliary obstruction
b-liver damage
c-hemolysis
d-none of the above

60-excessive growth hormone causes..
a-gigantism
b-dwarfism
c-addison’s disease
d-none of the above

61- in aminophenazone test a false negative reaction can be obtained due to presence of……
a-dietary restrictions
b-ascorbic acid
c-alcohol
d-acetic cid

62- the prognosis of myocardial infarction depends more on the..of the infarct
a-site
b-size
c-time
d-none of the above

63….is the time taken for the plasma drug concentration to fall to half its original level
a-elimination half life
b-saturation kinetics
c-pharmacokinetics
d-distribution

64-the rate ofabsorption of a patient may be affected by….in relation to meals
a-the time of ingestion
b-the kind of the meal
c-the time of vomiting
d-none of the above

65-….drugs can pass cell membranes and are absorbed rapidly
a- water soluble
b-lipid soluble
c-non- lipid soluble
d-all the above

66-…..are only active after metabolic conversion by conjugation in the liver
a-phenytoin
b-calciferol
c-salicylic acid
d-digoxin

67-the rate of elimination of drugs is controlled by..
a-saturation kinetics
b-pharmacokinetics
c-elimination half life
d-timing of the absorption

68- hepatic dysfunction impairs drug metabolism and allows ….enters the circulation
a-more active drug than usual
b-less active drug than usual
c-inactive drug
d- none of the above

69-inherited hyperbilirubinaemia is..
a-haemochromatosis
b-Gilbert’s disease
c-cholestasis
d-hepatitis

70-haemachromatosis is due to…in liver
a-iron deposition
b-vitamin K
c-salicylates
d-none of the above

71-acidophils of the anterior pituitary are composed of….
a-somatotrophes
b-lactotrophes
c-chromophobes
d-a&b

72-…influences the balance of sodium,water and potassium
a-aldosterone
b-cortisol
c-androgens
d-growth hormone

73-….is due to high circulating cortisol levels due to hyperplasia or tumor of the adrenal cortex
a-addison’s disease
b-cushing’s syndrome
c-aldosteronism
d-gigantism

74-…are used mainly for the differential diagnosis of excessive hormone secretion
a-stimulation tests
b-suppression tests
c-coagulation tests
d-all the above

75-cushing’s syndrome is due to…of pituitary gland and excessive hormone secretion
a- hypofunction
b-hyperfunction
c-normality
d-none of the above

76-prolonged prothrombin time may be corrected by vitamin K administration if due to…
a-cholestasis
b-impairment in synthetic ability of liver cells
c-hemolysis
d-hepatitis

77-phenobarbitone and phenytoin may induce the synthesis of….
a-gama-glutamyl transferase
b-alanine transaminase
c-aspartate transaminase
d-alkaline phosphatase

78- a high serum IgG and normal IgA suggests
a-cirrhosis
b-chronic active hepatitis
c-biliary cirrhosis
d-none of the above

79-….are substances inactivated and secreted by liver
a-amino acids
b-steroid hormones
c-drugs and cholesterol
d- all the above

78-bilirubin is transported into the smoothendoplasmic reticulum to be conjugated with…
a-bicarbonate
b-glucuronate
c-cholestrol
d-amio acids

79-inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase by malonic cid is an example of…
a-reversible inhibitors
b-competitive inhibitors
c-irreversible inhibitors
d-non competitive inhibitors

80-enzymes are ….
a-invariable proteins
b-highly specific
c-act in moderate temperature& PH
d-all the above
81-treatment of iron overdosage is definite if concentrations
a-above 90 kmol/l
b-above 150 kmol/l
c-200mg/l
d-a&b

82-estimation of plasma amylase activity increase in…
a-myocardial infarction
b-acute pancreatitis
c-mumps
d-trauma

83….is essential for hydrolysis of succcinyl dicholine
a-pseudocholinesterase
b-true cholinesterase
c-lipase
d-alanine aspartate

84 -…should not be prescribed to children because of the association with Reye’s syndrome
a-salicylates
b-bicarbonates
c-sulphonamides
d-a&c

85-….is due to an inherited enzyme deficiency in the biosynthesis of cortisol
a-secondary adrenal insufficiency
b-congenital adrenal hyperplasia
c-addison’s disease
d-cushing’s syndrome


86-in overdose patients we measure..
a-plasma levels of drug taken
b-plasma electrolytes
c-blood gases
d-a&c

87-samples for theophylline assay should be taken between 2 and….hours after the last dose
a-12
b-4
c-6
d-24

88-plasma thyroxin and TSH levels should be measured during. …treatment because of hyperthyroidism
a-diuretic
b-lithium
c-nephrotoxics
c-hepatotoxics

89-tolerant patients need…levels of drugs than normal to produce the desired effect
a-more
b-less
c-normal
d-none of the above

90-pathological increase of alkaline phosphatase occurs in..
a-growing children
b-pregnancy
c-obstructive jaundice
d-none of the above

91….is a physiological cause of raised alkaline phosphatase activity
a- preterm infants
b-children until puberty
c-the last trimester of pregnancy
d- all the above

92-…is used to monitor the treatment of prostatic carcinoma
a-acid phosphatase
b-alkaline phosphatase
c-alanine transaminase
d-creatine kinase

93-when treatment has just stopped,plasma levels ay…more rapidly than those in the cell
a-increase
b-decrease
c-equal
d-all the above

94..is increased in both myocardial infarction and acute hepatitis disease
a-AST
b-ALT
c-LD
d-a&c

95-…technique uses an enzyme system to show the combination of an antigen to its antibody
a-ELISA
b-drug monitor
c-skin *****
d-blood analyzer


96-lipase activity increases with
a-pancreatitis
b-myocardial infarction
c-hepatitis
d-HIV

97- loss of Hcl by vomiting in pyloric stenosis is a cause of..
a-metabolic alkalosis
b-acidosis
c-hypercalcaemia
d-all the above

98- gastric hyposecretion occurs mostly in…
a-duodenal alceration
b-perniciuos anaemia
c-carcinoma
d-pepic alcer

99-bilirubin is derived from the breakdown of haem or other compounds such as..
a-myoglobin
b-cytochromes
c-bile salts
d-a&b

100-the hepatocytes synthesize..
a-plasma proteins
b-coagulation factors
c-lipoproteins
d-all the above

101……is potentially toxic and damages the brain cells
a-conjugated bilirubin
b-unconjugated bilirubin
c-ligandin
d-cholestrol

102-….is a function of bile salts
a-digestion of lipids
b-anti-putrifactive action
c-choleretic action
d- all the above

103 in hyperbilirubinaemia,bilirubin diffuses in tissues causing jaundice when it reaches..
a-5mg/dl
b-3mg/dl
c-2mg/dl
d-1mg/dl

104-…is water soluble and is less protein-bound and is excreted in urine
a-conjugated bilirubin
b-unconjugated bilirubin
c-biliverdin
d-urinobilinogen



105indirect ELISA is used in the diagnosis of..
a-HIV
b-parasitic infection
c-bacterial and fungal infection
d- all the above

106 -…..is the least toxic antidote used for paracetamol
a-cysteamine
b-methionine
c-N-acetylcysteine
d-acetamenophen





107-unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia due to severe hemolysis in newborns can cause…
a-steatorrhoea
b-kernicterus
c-cholestasis
d-none of the above

108-…are enzymes that inactivate drugs
a-anticoagulants
b-alanine aspartate
c-anticonsulvants
d-alkaline phosphatase














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