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رد: هنا اجتماع للنقاش نظرية الــــــــــــترجمه
(Shampoo the hair with a mild WELLA-SHAMPOO and lightly towel dry.) (يٌغسل الشعر بشامبو من "ويلا" على أن يكون من نوع الشامبو الملطف، ثم يُجفف الشعر بواسطة المنشفة، وذلك تجفيفاً بسيطاً ليُترك الشعر رطباً.) q The translator uses passive voice to avoid using gender because he does not want to restrict the sale of the shampoo to men or women. |
رد: هنا اجتماع للنقاش نظرية الــــــــــــترجمه
الله يوفق الجميع
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رد: هنا اجتماع للنقاش نظرية الــــــــــــترجمه
q Lexical patterning can be divided into two main headings: q Collocation q Idioms and fixed expressions |
رد: هنا اجتماع للنقاش نظرية الــــــــــــترجمه
q (, retrievable, drinkable, greenish, etc..). Arabic for instance has no ready made mechanism for producing such forms as they are often replaced by an appropriate paraphrase , depending on the meaning they convey (e.g. retrievable as ‘can be retrieved’ and drinkable as ‘suitable for drinking”. |
رد: هنا اجتماع للنقاش نظرية الــــــــــــترجمه
And made Baghdad the site of what might be called a “school” of translation |
رد: هنا اجتماع للنقاش نظرية الــــــــــــترجمه
الواجب الأول :
-1- Being preoccupied with the translation of literary texts as a pastime activity, scholars of the last century looked at translation as a science a craft an art a profession -2- Translation is considered as a model of explanation a model of communication a model of representation a model of information -3- The memory of the translator is like a container of good time memories only a container of records of academic information only a container of records of future events only a container of records of past experiences and plans for action الوآجب الثاني: -1- Translator’s grammatical competence includes Cohesion in form Coherence in meaning Utterances in context Vocabulary/ word formation,/pronunciation/spelling and sentence structure -2- In modern science the term ‘theory’ refers to a declaration of success in empirical science a proposed explanation of empirical phenomena a practical illustration of empirical phenomena an empirical investigation of a real world problem -3- As one of the main characteristics of ‘theory’, ‘empiricism’ means that it must be to able to predict it must be testable it must be simple الواجب الثالث : السؤال الاول: 1 - 1) If you want to emphasize the Source Language in translation, you need to use communicative translation adaptation method in your translation. idiomatic translation semantic translation السؤال الثاني: 2 - 2) Free Translation is usually a paraphrase much longer than the original a paraphrase as long as the original a paraphrase shorter than the original a paraphrase which is the same as the original السؤال الثالث: 3 - 3) The term ‘ecology’ covers the following : traditions and habits activities, procedures, and concepts flora, fauna, winds and plains religious rituals and artistic features السؤال الرابع: 4 - 4) It would be no exaggeration to call Muhammad Ali’s time The Period of Civilization The Period of Translation The Period of Communication The Period of Enlightenment |
رد: هنا اجتماع للنقاش نظرية الــــــــــــترجمه
Non-equivalenceat word level means that the target language has no direct equivalent for a word which occurs in the source text.
The type and level of difficulty in translation at this level depends on the nature of non-equivalence. Culture specific concepts which can be abstract or concrete as in the following examples: q Abstract: (privacy) . Speaker( of the House of Common) q A concrete example is airing cupboard which is unknown to Arabic speakers. |
رد: هنا اجتماع للنقاش نظرية الــــــــــــترجمه
A morpheme is “the minimal formal element of meaning in language
ومشاكلهم في الامثله الجايه inconceivable الم , ذلك الكتاب لا ريب فيه |
رد: هنا اجتماع للنقاش نظرية الــــــــــــترجمه
-3- As one of the main characteristics of ‘theory’, ‘empiricism’ means that it must be to able to predict it must be testable it must be simple حل السؤال ده من اسئلة الواجب خطأ لأن المفروض ان الاجابة تكون it must be testable |
رد: هنا اجتماع للنقاش نظرية الــــــــــــترجمه
مشاكل ترجمة على
مستوى الكلمة Translation Problems at Word Level Non-equivalenceat word level عدم الترادف Problems in MT can be categorised into linguistic and extra linguisticones |
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